Table 2 Associations between circulating 25(OH)D and glioma risk in the UK Biobank, Nurses’ Health Study, and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.

From: Pre-diagnostic circulating concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins and risk of glioma in three cohort studies

 

All gliomas

Glioblastoma (GBM)

UKB

NHS and HPFS

UKB

NHS and HPFS

Number of glioma cases

HR (95% CI)1

Number of glioma cases

RR (95%CI)2

Number of GBM cases

HR (95%CI)1

Number of GBM cases

RR (95%CI)2

Study specific tertiles3

1

143

1 (ref)

28

1 (ref)

100

1 (ref)

18

1 (ref)

2

150

0.92 (0.73–1.16)

24

0.83 (0.43–1.62)

114

0.99 (0.75–1.31)

15

0.94 (0.41–2.19)

3

151

0.87 (0.68–1.11)

32

0.97 (0.51–1.85)

116

0.94 (0.71–1.25)

21

1.06 (0.48–2.35)

Ptrend4

 

0.25

 

0.90

 

0.68

 

0.90

IOM guidelines for bone health, nmol/L

 < 50 (deficiency/insufficiency)

234

0.93 (0.76–1.14)

12

0.80 (0.36–1.74)

170

0.89 (0.70–1.12)

7

0.60 (0.22–1.59)

50 to  < 75 (sufficiency)

170

1 (ref)

38

1 (ref)

131

1 (ref)

25

1 (ref)

 ≥ 75 (above sufficiency)

40

0.72 (0.51–1.02)

34

0.96 (0.52–1.75)

29

0.68 (0.45–1.02)

22

0.88 (0.42–1.85)

Ptrend4

 

0.43

 

0.74

 

0.59

 

0.60

Continuous5

444

0.95 (0.85–1.07)

84

1.10 (0.79–1.54)

330

0.96 (0.85–1.10)

54

1.13 (0.76–1.69)

  1. 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, CI confidence interval, HPFS Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, HR hazard ratio, IOM Institute of Medicine, NHS Nurses’ Health Study, RR risk ratio, UKB United Kingdom Biobank.
  2. 1Adjusted for sex (male, female), age (continuous), race (non-white, white), month of blood collection (continuous), body mass index (continuous), and smoking status (never, past, current).
  3. 2In addition to conditioning on matching factors in the NHS and HPFS year of birth, fasting status, month of blood collection, and race), adjusted for body mass index (continuous) and smoking status (never, past, current).
  4. 3Median serum 25(OH)D for each tertile in the UKB: 26.91, 46.43, 68.67 nmol/L; median plasma 25(OH)D for each tertile in the NHS and HPFS: 47.29, 69.49, and 87.07 nmol/L.
  5. 4The p-value for linear trend corresponds to the p-value of the ordinal variable constructed by assigning the median value of each category to all participants in that category.
  6. 5Results for the continuous analyses are given for a 25 nmol/L increment.
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