Table 1 Baseline characteristics.

Subjects, n (%)

152

17 (11.2)

135 (88.8)

Age, years

72.9 ± 7.5

71.7 ± 7.5

73.1 ± 7.5

0.487

Sex, male/female

126/26

17/0

109/26

0.045

Smoking history, pack-years

50.0 (30.0–67.5)

60.0 (39.0–95.0)

47.5 (30.0–65.6)

0.211

VC, % predicted

90.8 ± 16.2

81.9 ± 17.1

91.9 ± 15.8

0.016

FVC, % predicted

87.9 ± 15.2

81.8 ± 16.8

88.7 ± 14.8

0.076

FEV1, % predicted

87.9 ± 17.8

79.8 ± 18.2

88.9 ± 17.6

0.046

FEV1/FVC, %

75.7 ± 10.4

79.0 ± 8.1

75.3 ± 10.6

0.164

DLco, % predicted

56.5 ± 17.4

51.2 ± 21.1

57.2 ± 16.8

0.237

ILD pattern

0.445

UIP

48

8

40

Probable UIP

17

2

15

Indeterminate UIP

48

3

45

Alternative diagnosis

39

4

35

Preoperative steroid use, + /−

15/137

2/15

13/122

0.676

Preoperative pirfenidone use, + /−

6/146

1/16

5/130

0.664

Histology

0.689

Adenocarcinoma

68

6

62

Squamous cell carcinoma

56

7

49

Small cell carcinoma

11

2

9

Others

17

2

15

pStage, I/II/IIIA/IIIB

119/17/13/3

13/2/1/1

106/15/12/2

0.746

Primary tumor size, mm

24 (17–34)

33 (21–37)

22 (16–33)

0.057

Surgical intervention

0.474

Sublobar resection**

75

7

68

Lobectomy

77

10

67

Operative time, min

149 (108–196)

200 (138–252)

146 (106–181)

0.022

Bleeding volume, mL

66 (23–110)

155 (73–301)

60 (22–100)

0.003