Table 3 Independent predictors for PPM implantation after CTI-dependent AFL ablation.

From: Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation after sinus conversion of cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter

Variable

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis*

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

Age

1.023 (0.993–1.054)

0.133

  

Female sex

4.046 (1.922–8.516)

 < 0.001

2.929 (0.890–9.646)

0.077

Body mass index, per 1 kg/m2 increase

0.896 (0.787–1.020)

0.098

0.879 (0.694–1.113)

0.284

Diabetes mellitus

0.924 (0.397–2.154)

0.855

  

Hypertension

1.430 (0.655–3.122)

0.370

  

Chronic kidney disease

2.834 (1.073–7.488)

0.036

2.070 (0.308–13.927)

0.454

Heart failure

0.920 (0.408–2.073)

0.840

  

Previous stroke

3.656 (1.492–8.959)

0.005

1.718 (0.223–13.229)

0.604

Prior atrial fibrillation

2.200 (1.054–4.592)

0.036

3.570 (1.034–12.325)

0.044

Persistent AFL

1.587 (0.648–3.888)

0.412

  

CHA2DS2-VASc score, per 1 score increase

1.399 (1.129–1.733)

0.003

0.942 (0.599–1.481)

0.797

The lowest previous sinus heart rate, per 1 beats/minute increase

0.923 (0.891–0.957)

 < 0.001

0.942 (0.898–0.988)

0.015

The lowest previous AFL heart rate, per 1 beats/minute increase

0.981 (0.968–0.995)

0.008

0.999 (0.978–1.020)

0.898

Previous sinus pause over 3 s

10.900 (2.568–46.300)

0.001

2.937 (0.326–26.468)

0.337

PR interval, per 1 ms increase

1.011 (1.001–1.022)

0.025

1.006 (0.992–1.020)

0.434

QRS duration

1.012 (0.996–1.029)

0.148

  

Right bundle branch block

1.227 (0.372–4.049)

0.856

  

Left bundle branch block

4.858 (1.459–16.170)

0.010

0.465 (0.051–4.261)

0.498

LA volume index, per 1 ml/m2 increase

1.058 (1.035–1.082)

 < 0.001

1.067 (1.024–1.112)

0.002

LV ejection fraction

1.004 (0.974–1.035)

0.805

  

E/e’

1.035 (1.002–1.070)

0.038

0.946 (0.857–1.043)

0.261

RV systolic pressure

1.025 (0.992–1.058)

0.140

  

Type of antiarrhythmic agent used after ablation

1.011 (0.594–1.722)

0.967

  
  1. *The discriminant ability of multivariable model was 0.866 (95% CI 0.774–0.957).
  2. AFL atrial flutter, CI confidence interval, CTI cavotricuspid isthmus, HR hazard ratio, LA left atrium, LV left ventricle, PPM permanent pacemaker, RV right ventricle.
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