Table 2 Characteristics of patients with T2DM without albuminuria.

From: Plasma galectin-3 concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without albuminuria

 

Albuminuria (−)

P-value*

Galectin-3 < 8.73 (n = 118)

Galectin-3 ≥ 8.73 (n = 99)

Galectin-3 (ng/mL; median [25th, 75th])

6.95 (5.96, 7.81)

10.49 (9.62, 12.57)

 < 0.001

Age (years; mean [SD])

55.2 (12.3)

62.2 (11.8)

 < 0.001

Smoking, n (%)

15 (12.7)

12 (12.1)

0.896

Men, n (%)

60 (50.8)

48 (48.5)

0.729

BMI (kg/m2; mean [SD])

25.5 (4.9)

25.7 (3.7)

0.826

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

79 (66.9)

78 (78.8)

0.052

Hypertension, n (%)

59 (50.0)

67 (67.7)

0.009

Systolic BP (mmHg; mean [SD])

130.6 (15.5)

133.0 (18.2)

0.300

Diastolic BP (mmHg; mean [SD])

75.9 (9.9)

76.5 (13.0)

0.688

Diabetes duration (years; median [25th, 75th])

3.0 (0.2, 9.0)

5.0 (1.0, 12.0)

0.012

A1C (%; mean [SD])

7.2 (1.5)

7.5 (1.6)

0.164

A1C (mmol/mol; mean [SD])

55 (16)

58 (17)

0.164

Hgb (g/L; mean [SD])

141.1 (15.0)

141.5 (16.7)

0.872

Triglyceride (mmol/L; median [25th, 75th])

1.3 (0.9, 2.0)

1.3 (1.0, 1.9)

0.257

Total cholesterol (mmol/L; median [25th, 75th])

4.6 (3.8, 5.4)

3.8 (3.3, 4.8)

 < 0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L; median [25th, 75th])

2.6 (2.1, 3.2)

2.2 (1.8, 2.9)

0.002

HDL-C (mmol/L; median [25th, 75th])

1.3 (1.1, 1.5)

1.3 (1.1, 1.4)

0.080

UACR (mg/g; median [25th, 75th])

8.4 (5.3, 11.6)

10.1 (6.7, 16.1)

0.016

eGFRcrea-cyst (mL/min/1.73m2; mean [SD])

102.1 (16.1)

84.9 (22.0)

 < 0.001

Classification, n (%)

 ≥ 90

92 (78.0)

46 (46.5)

 < 0.001

 60–89

23 (19.5)

39 (39.4)

 < 60

3 (2.5)

14 (14.1)

eGFRcrea (mL/min/1.73m2; mean [SD])

99.5 (13.5)

87.8 (19.3)

 < 0.001

Classification, n (%)

 ≥ 90

100 (84.7)

50 (50.5)

 < 0.001

 60–89

16 (13.6)

38 (38.4)

 < 60

2 (1.7)

11 (11.1)

Use of insulin, n (%)

11 (9.3)

18 (18.2)

0.056

Use of OHAs, n (%)

82 (69.5)

76 (76.8)

0.230

ACEi/ARB, n (%)

35 (29.7)

39 (39.4)

0.132

SGLT2i, n (%)

2 (2.5)

9 (12.3)

0.018

GLP1-RA, n (%)

1 (1.2)

0 (0.0)

‒

Statin, n (%)

71 (60.2)

69 (69.7)

0.144

  1. Median galectin-3 for all patients (8.73 ng/mL) was unequally divided into normoalbuminuric and albuminuric groups. Data presented as mean (SD) and median (25th, 75th percentile).
  2. A1C glycated hemoglobin, ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GLP1-RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, Hgb hemoglobin, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, OHA oral hypoglycemic agent, SD standard deviation, SGLT2i sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, UACR urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
  3. *Student's t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test for parametric and nonparametric continuous variables (diabetes duration, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, Galectin-3, and UACR); the chi-squared test for categorical variables.
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