Table 2 Echocardiographic parameters (mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum) in lambs from 24 h of birth to 120 days of age.

From: Influence of Dorper lamb development from birth to 120 days of age on clinical and echocardiographic parameters

Echocardiographic Parameters

24 h

7 days

14 days

21 days

30 days

60 days

90 days

120 days

P

IVSd (cm)

0.46 ± 0.08a

(0.34; 0.62)

0.48 ± 0.10b (0.29; 0.59)

0.46 ± 0,05c

(0.37; 0.56)

0.58 ± 0.07b

(0.43; 0.69)

0.56 ± 0.07 (0.44;0.70)

0.64 ± 0.11 (0.44;0.87)

0.67 ± 0.13 (0.41;0.86)

0.75 ± 0.15 (0.52;1.04)

*0.000

LVIDd (cm)

1.62 ± 0.27a (1.35;2.15)

1.77 ± 0.33b (1.10;2.23)

2.15 ± 0.28c (1.60;2.52)

2.29 ± 0.32c (1.89;3.00)

2.33 ± 0.18 (2.04;2.65)

2.56 ± 0.41 (2.08;3.59)

2.76 ± 0.56 (1.74;3.77)

3.14 ± 0.32 (2.64;3.66)

*0.000

LVFWd (cm)

0.45 ± 0.12a (0.28;0.64)

0.43 ± 0.09a (0.31;0.57)

0.45 ± 0.09a (0.31;0.62)

0.56 ± 0.10b (0.37;0.77)

0.53 ± 0.08 (0.42;0.69)

0.65 ± 0.11 (0.40;0.83)

0.80 ± 0.13 (0.59;1.04)

0.82 ± 0.19 (0.57;1.20)

*0.000

IVSs (cm)

0.64 ± 0.12a (0.40;0.83)

0.66 ± 0.15a (0.37;0.87)

0.73 ± 0.13b (0,56;0,92)

0.84 ± 0.10c (0.69;1.06)

0.85 ± 0.17 (0.60;1.13)

0.95 ± 0.16 (0,69;1,20)

1.07 ± 0.15 (0,74;1,23)

1.13 ± 0.16 (0,90;1,51)

*0.000

LVIDs (cm)

0.96 ± 0.20a (0.62;1.47)

1.10 ± 0.26b (0.60;1.43)

1.39 ± 0.26c (1.03;1.82)

1.45 ± 0.27c (0.95;1.92)

1.48 ± 0.20 (1.01;1.76)

1.57 ± 0.24 (1.05;2.14)

1.65 ± 0.49 (0.83;2.52)

2.04 ± 0.24 (1.53;2.39)

*0.000

LVFWs (cm)

0.63 ± 0.13a (0.46;0.83)

0.67 ± 0.14b (0.49;0.89)

0.76 ± 0.14c (0.54;1.06)

0.84 ± 0.09d (0.72;0.97)

0.77 ± 0.08 (0.63;0.89)

0.95 ± 0.15 (0.65;1.13)

1.09 ± 0.22 (0.86;1.51)

1.11 ± 0.21 (0.65;1.51)

*0.000

EF (%)

72.00 ± 7.42a (59.00;88.00)

69.00 ± 8.18b (50.00;81.00)

64.00 ± 6.99c (50.00;76.00)

65.00 ± 4.67c (57.00;73.00)

63.00 ± 6.60 (44.00;72.00)

67.00 ± 5.67 (62.00;78.00)

71.00 ± 8.56 (53.00;86.00)

65.00 ± 4.74

(60.00;75.00)

*0.010

LVFS (%)

38.00 ± 6.68a (29.00;54.00)

36.56 ± 5.96b (23.00;45.00)

33.00 ± 5.25c (24.00;42.00)

33.00 ± 3.63c (26.00;39.00)

32.00 ± 4.72 (20.00;39.00)

35.00 ± 4.79 (31.00;45.00)

39.00 ± 6.60

(26.00;52.00)

34.00 ± 3.76

(31.00;42.00)

*0.029

LA (cm)

1.33 ± 0.20a (1.03;1.66)

1.38 ± 0.25a (1.00;1.73)

1.43 ± 0.22a (1,06;1,78)

1.51 ± 0.16b (1.29;1.81)

1.55 ± 0.15 (1.32;1.82)

1.85 ± 0.29 (1.34;2.28)

2.30 ± 0.29 (1.82;2.87)

2.59 ± 0.30 (1.96;3.04)

*0.000

Ao (cm)

0.91 ± 0.14a (0.70;1.12)

0.96 ± 0.14a (0.76;1.28)

1.11 ± 0.09b (0.96;1.23)

1.13 ± 0.14b (0.91;1.35)

1.18 ± 0.12 (1.02;1.51)

1.33 ± 0.18 (1.03;1.62)

1.48 ± 0.19 (1.18;1.87)

1.70 ± 0.17 (1.47;2.02)

*0.000

LA/Ao

1.47 ± 0.18a (1.15;1.75)

1.40 ± 0.24a (1.00;1.79)

1.28 ± 0.18b (1.06;1.68)

1.35 ± 0.13c (1.11;1.51)

1.32 ± 0.12 (1.10;1.57)

1.39 ± 0.10 (1.25;1.53)

1.55 ± 0.13 (1.27;1.71)

1.52 ± 0.16 (1.20;1.73)

*0.000

Aortic flow

Velocity (cm/s)

91.57 ± 13.73 (68.40;111.8)

80.41 ± 11.26 (66.80;98.5)

86.71 ± 17.59 (65.90;108.50)

82.46 ± 8.84 (69.30;92.70)

77.38 ± 7.50 (68.40;90.10)

82.23 ± 12.01 (66.80;106.00)

76.32 ± 4.54 (71.00;82.60)

84.49 ± 12.22 (67.50;105.50)

0.119

Pres. grd. 

3.42 ± 1.00 (1.87;5.00)

2.63 ± 0.73 (1.78;3.88)

3.09 ± 1.20 (1.74;4.64)

2.64 ± 0.52 (1.92;3.44)

2.42 ± 0.47 (1.87;3.25)

2.74 ± 0.80 (1.78;4.36)

2.34 ± 0.28 (2.01;2.73)

2.91 ± 0.85 (1.82;4.45)

0.098

Pulmonary flow

Velocity (cm/s)

86.33 ± 19.59 (62.60;123.50)

77.48 ± 15.25 (60.10;104.00)

79.58 ± 14.10 (60.10;103.50)

78.60 ± 13.81 (64.30;106.00)

71.83 ± 5.95 (65.10;83.90)

81.64 ± 12.96 (61.00;101.20)

78.96 ± 14.08 (60.30;106.00)

76.67 ± 8.70 (63.90;94.00)

0.270

Pres. grd. 

3.12 ± 1.45 (1.57;6.10)

2.49 ± 1.00 (1.44;4.35)

2.61 ± 0.94 (1.44;4.28)

2.54 ± 0.95 (1.65;4.49)

2.08 ± 0.35 (1.70;2.82)

2.70 ± 0.81 (1.49;4.10)

2.57 ± 0.92 (1.45;4.51)

2.38 ± 0.54 (1.63;3.53)

0.270

  1. Kolmogorov‒Smirnov normality test; comparison between Friedmann's test moments; * significance: p < 0.05; IVS- interventricular septum; LVID- left ventricle internal diameter; LVFW: left ventricle free wall; d—diastole; s—systole; EF: ejection fraction; LVFS: left ventricular fraction shortening; LA: left atrium; Ao: aorta; Pres. grd.: pressure gradient; ab different letters superscript on the same line indicate a significant difference between specific moments (24 h after birth up to 21 days of age).