Table 3 Single and combined inoculation impact of metal tolerant Pseudomonas fluorescence PGPR-7 and Trichoderma sp. T-4 on biological parameters of chickpea raised in Cd affected soils.

From: Metal-tolerant and siderophore producing Pseudomonas fluorescence and Trichoderma spp. improved the growth, biochemical features and yield attributes of chickpea by lowering Cd uptake

Bio-inoculants

Cd concentrations (µgkg−1 soil)

Plant Length (cm)

Dry biomass (gm)

Percent germination (%)

Vigor index (VI)

Root

Shoot

Total

Root

Shoot

Total

UC

0

18.5 ± 2.4

28.9 ± 1.7

47.7 ± 4.1

0.6 ± 0.03

1.2 ± 0.21

1.8 ± 0.24

90

3456 ± 23

25

17.0 ± 1.5

28.0 ± 2.1

45.0 ± 3.6

0.53 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.17

1.63 ± 0.27

90

3143 ± 18

50

15.0 ± 1.1

26.0 ± 1.4

41.0 ± 2.5

0.48 ± 0.03

1.0 ± 0.0

1.48 ± 0.03

90

2678 ± 231

100

12.0 ± 0.7

23.2 ± 0.8

35.2 ± 1.5

0.34 ± 0.0

0.88 ± 0.01

1.22 ± 0.01

85

2412 ± 45

200

10.1 ± 0.2

20.0 ± 0.5

30.1 ± 0.7

0.21 ± 0.0

0.56 ± 0.03

0.77 ± 0.03

80

2001 ± 56

400

6.5 ± 00

14.0 ± 1.2

20.5 ± 1.2

0.1 ± 0.0

0.37 ± 0.0

0.47 ± 0.0

60

1564 ± 87

Mean

–

13.1

23.3

36.5

0.37

0.85

1.22

82.5

2542

P. fluorescence PGPR-7

0

24.2 ± 2.3

40.2 ± 3.6

64.4 ± 5.9

1.10 ± 0.2

1.8 ± 0.12

2.9 ± 0.32

100

4321 ± 98

25

22.5 ± 0.7

35.3 ± 2.5

57.8 ± 3.2

0.89 ± 0.12

1.65 ± 0.01

2.54 ± 0.13

100

3786 ± 56.4

50

21.4 ± 0.23

35.0 ± 1.3

56.4 ± 1.53

0.69 ± 0.07

1.4 ± 0.04

2.0 ± 0.11

95

3219 ± 88

100

17.4 ± 0.5

31.2 ± 1.0

48.6 ± 1.5

0.56 ± 0.03

1.0 ± 0.0

1.56 ± 0.03

90

2812 ± 79.0

200

14.0 ± 0.21

25.2 ± 0.0

39.2 ± 0.2

0.42 ± 0.05

0.76 ± 0.0

1.16 ± 0.05

90

2431 ± 23.3

400

8.5 ± 0.6

17.2 ± 0.76

25.7 ± 1.36

0.18 ± 0.0

0.53 ± 0.0

0.71 ± 0.0

80

1800 ± 17.8

Mean

–

18.0

31.01

48.6

0.64

1.19

1.81

92.5

3061

Trichoderma sp. T-4

0

23.1 ± 1.2

38.4 ± 1.6

61.5 ± 2.8

1.04 ± 0.31

1.76 ± 0.2

2.8 ± 0.51

100

4121 ± 69.2

25

22.0 ± 1.6

36.0 ± 0.34

58.0 ± 1.94

1.0 ± 0.10

1.52 ± 0.016

2.52 ± 0.11

100

3890 ± 78.2

50

19.6 ± 0.8

33.1 ± 0.8

52.7 ± 1.6

0.63 ± 0.09

1.37 ± 0.02

2.0 ± 0.1

95

3456 ± 89.0

100

18.0 ± 0.32

29.0 ± 1.5

47.0 ± 1.82

0.59 ± 0.11

1.12 ± 0.01

1.71 ± 0.12

90

3100 ± 34.7

200

13.1 ± 0.12

23.2 ± 2.4

36.3 ± 2.52

0.40 ± 0.01

0.78 ± 0.02

1.18 ± 0.03

90

2521 ± 80.1

400

7.0 ± 0.0

15.6 ± 0.2

22.6 ± 0.2

0.15 ± 0.0

0.47 ± 0.0

0.62 ± 0.0

80

1987 ± 45

Mean

–

17.1

30.8

46.3

0.63

1.17

1.79

92.5

3179

P. fluorescence PGPR-7 + Trichoderma sp. T-4

0

29.6 ± 2.3

42.2 ± 1.8

71.8 ± 4.1

2.1 ± 0.5

2.76 ± 0.4

4.86 ± 0.9

100

5213 ± 33.3

25

27.3 ± 1.8

42.1 ± 0.5

69.4 ± 2.3

2.0 ± 0.23

2.45 ± 0.12

4.45 ± 0.35

100

4891 ± 57.8

50

25.2 ± 1.4

38.7 ± 2.1

64.0 ± 3.5

1.89 ± 0.12

2.21 ± 0.06

4.1 ± 0.18

100

4210 ± 87.9

100

23.1 ± 2.1

34.2 ± 0.8

57.3 ± 3.0

1.56 ± 0.07

2.01 ± 0.14

3.56 ± 0.16

95

4100 ± 77.8

200

21.3 ± 0.71

30.5 ± 0.12

51.3 ± 0.83

1.23 ± 0.04

1.73 ± 0.11

2.99 ± 0.15

95

3711 ± 45.6

400

10.5 ± 0.24

23.1 ± 0.43

33.6 ± 0.67

1.03 ± 0.01

1.62 ± 0.07

2.65 ± 0.08

95

3112 ± 33.0

Mean

–

22.8

35.1

57.9

1.63

2.12

3.77

97.5

4206

  1. Each value is a mean of three replicates where each replicate constituted three plants/pot. Mean values are significantly at P ≤ 0.05. Means followed by similar alphabets are different from each other according to DMRT test. Here, Cd = cadmium, µg/kg = micrograms per kilograms, VI = vigor index, % = percentage.
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