Table 4 Single and combined inoculation impact of metal tolerant Pseudomonas fluorescence PGPR-7 and Trichoderma sp. T-4 on yield attributes and nutritional content of chickpea raised in Cd-treated soils.

From: Metal-tolerant and siderophore producing Pseudomonas fluorescence and Trichoderma spp. improved the growth, biochemical features and yield attributes of chickpea by lowering Cd uptake

Treatment/ Bio-inoculants

Cd concentration (µg kg−1 soil)

Yield attributes

Nutrients

Number of seeds/plants

Seed yield (g plant−1)

Seed protein (mg g−1)

N content (mg/g)

P content (mg/g)

UC

0

14.0 ± 1.3

1.3 ± 0.02

213 ± 10.1

13.2 ± 1.2

2.3 ± 00

25

13.0 ± 0.5

1.12 ± 0.1

200 ± 5.6

12.0 ± 1.8

1.71 ± 00

50

12.0 ± 0.8

0.87 ± 0.08

176 ± 7.0

10.0 ± 0.0

1.34 ± 0.1

100

10.0 ± 0.0

0.71 ± 0.03

143 ± 1.7

7.8 ± 0.7

1.0 ± 0.02

200

8.0 ± 1.0

0.54 ± 0.01

123 ± 5.0

5.4 ± 0.3

0.56 ± 0.0

400

2.0 ± 0.0

0.26 ± 0.0

78.4 ± 11.0

2.2 ± 0.0

0.15 ± 0.01

Mean

–

9.8

0.8

155.5

8.4

1.17

P. fluorescence PGPR-7

0

18.0 ± 2.3

1.76 ± 0.1

267 ± 23.0

16.7 ± 0.1

2.67 ± 0.2

25

16.0 ± 1.8

1.5 ± 0.03

252 ± 8.9

14.3 ± 2.4

2.55 ± 0.4

50

14.0 ± 2.0

1.32 ± 0.09

233 ± 0.0

12.4 ± 3.1

1.82 ± 0.6

100

12.0 ± 1.1

1.1 ± 0.01

222 ± 7.7

10.2 ± 0.8

1.34 ± 0.0

200

10.0 ± 1.0

0.83 ± 0.03

145 ± 8.1

8.2 ± 0.5

1.10 ± 0.0

400

5.0 ± 0.0

0.54 ± 0.03

110 ± 5.9

6.4 ± 0.7

0.76 ± 0.01

Mean

–

10.8

1.17

204.3

11.3

1.70

Trichoderma sp. T-4

0

20.0 ± 3.1

1.82 ± 0.02

292 ± 11.0

15.0 ± 2.1

2.44 ± 0.6

25

18.0 ± 0.8

1.71 ± 0.1

267 ± 5.4

14.0 ± 1.6

1.98 ± 0.3

50

15.0 ± 2.8

1.43 ± 0.04

255 ± 4.8

13.1 ± 2.0

1.56 ± 0.4

100

13.0 ± 1.5

1.31 ± 0.0

231 ± 6.0

12.0 ± 0.0

1.44 ± 0.0

200

11.0 ± 0.0

1.12 ± 0.0

178 ± 5.0

11.0 ± 1.1

1.21 ± 0.02

400

6.0 ± 0.2

0.76 ± 0.0

165 ± 0.0

8.1 ± 0.0

0.92 ± 0.01

Mean

–

13.8

1.35

231.3

12.2

1.59

P. fluorescence PGPR-7 + Trichoderma sp. T-4

0

25.0 ± 1.7

1.91 ± 0.01

341 ± 4.5

21.3 ± 2.4

2.89 ± 0.6

25

23.5 ± 0.9

1.78 ± 0.2

289 ± 6.6

18.9 ± 3.0

2.45 ± 0.2

50

22.0 ± 0.4

1.56 ± 0.3

276 ± 3.8

17.2 ± 1.2

2.22 ± 0.1

100

20.0 ± 0.8

1.42 ± 0.05

245 ± 7.0

15.6 ± 0.8

1.89 ± 0.0

200

16.0 ± 1.2

1.32 ± 0.0

211 ± 0.0

13.2 ± 0.6

1.56 ± 0.1

400

12.0 ± 0.0

1.0 ± 0.01

187 ± 6.5

11.4 ± 0.3

1.21 ± 0.0

Mean

–

19.6

1.50

258.1

16.2

2.03

  1. Each value is a mean of three replicates where each replicate constituted three plants/pot. Mean values are significantly at P ≤ 0.05. Means followed by similar alphabets are different from each other according to DMRT test. Here, Cd = cadmium, µg/kg = micrograms per kilograms, N = nitrogen, P = phosphorous.
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