Table 2 Chronic kidney disease weighted prevalence and trend in adults from 2007–2020.
From: National trends in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among Korean adults, 2007–2020
Trends in prevalence of CKD | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 to 2010 | 2011 to 2013 | 2014 to 2016 | 2017 to 2019 | 2020 (early pandemic) | Trend in the pre-pandemic, β (95% CI)a | Trend in the early pandemic, β (95% CI)a | Trend difference, βdiff (95% CI) | OR (95% CI)b | |
CKD, weighted % (95% CI) | |||||||||
Overall | 5.1 (4.7 to 5.5) | 5.4 (5.0 to 5.9) | 7.1 (6.6 to 7.6) | 7.1 (6.6 to 7.6) | 6.5 (5.7 to 7.3) | 0.16 (0.12 to 0.20) | − 0.02 (− 0.06 to 0.01) | − 0.19 (− 0.24 to − 0.13) | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.05) |
Age-standardized | 4.0 (3.7 to 4.3) | 4.1 (3.7 to 4.5) | 5.5 (5.0 to 6.0) | 6.3 (5.6 to 7.1) | 5.0 (4.1 to 6.0) | 0.17 (0.14 to 0.20) | − 0.04 (− 0.08 to 0.00) | − 0.21 (− 0.26 to − 0.16) | 0.95 (0.81 to 1.06) |
Age | |||||||||
19 ≤ Age < 65 | 3.0 (2.7 to 3.3) | 2.8 (2.4 to 3.1) | 4.2 (3.7 to 4.6) | 4.6 (4.2 to 5.1) | 4.0 (3.2 to 4.7) | 0.23 (0.17 to 0.28) | − 0.04 (− 0.09 to 0.01) | − 0.27 (− 0.34 to − 0.19) | 1.04 (0.85 to 1.27) |
Age ≥ 65 | 19.7 (18.2 to 21.3) | 21.7 (20.0 to 23.5) | 22.9 (21.3 to 24.6) | 19.3 (17.8 to 20.8) | 17.9 (15.8 to 20.0) | − 0.01 (− 0.06 to 0.04) | − 0.02 (− 0.07 to 0.02) | − 0.01 (− 0.08 to 0.06) | 0.74 (0.63 to 0.85) |
Sex | |||||||||
Male | 4.8 (4.3 to 5.3) | 4.2 (3.7 to 4.6) | 6.3 (5.7 to 6.9) | 7.4 (6.8 to 8.1) | 7.4 (6.2 to 8.6) | 0.20 (0.15 to 0.26) | 0.00 (− 0.05 to 0.05) | − 0.20 (− 0.28 to − 0.13) | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.32) |
Female | 5.4 (4.9 to 5.9) | 5.8 (5.1 to 6.4) | 7.9 (7.2 to 8.6) | 6.8 (6.2 to 7.4) | 5.6 (4.8 to 6.5) | 0.13 (0.07 to 0.18) | − 0.05 (− 0.10 to 0.00) | − 0.18 (− 0.25 to − 0.11) | 0.75 (0.63 to 0.89) |
Residential area | |||||||||
Urban | 5.0 (4.5 to 5.5) | 5.1 (4.4 to 5.8) | 6.4 (5.7 to 7.2) | 6.6 (5.9 to 7.2) | 6.2 (5.0 to 7.4) | 0.14 (0.08 to 0.20) | − 0.01 (− 0.07 to 0.05) | − 0.15 (− 0.24 to − 0.07) | 0.92 (0.75 to 1.14) |
Rural | 5.2 (4.7 to 5.7) | 5.7 (5.1 to 6.4) | 7.7 (7.0 to 8.4) | 7.6 (6.9 to 8.3) | 6.8 (5.7 to 7.8) | 0.18 (0.13 to 0.24) | − 0.03 (− 0.08 to 0.02) | − 0.21 (− 0.29 to − 0.14) | 0.93 (0.79 to 1.09) |
Educational level | |||||||||
Middle school or lower | 10.7 (10.7 to 10.7) | 11.4 (11.4 to 11.4) | 13.6 (13.6 to 13.6) | 12.9 (12.9 to 12.9) | 13.7 (13.7 to 13.7) | 0.10 (0.05 to 0.15) | 0.02 (− 0.03 to 0.07) | − 0.09 (− 0.16 to − 0.02) | 0.89 (0.74 to 1.06) |
High school | 3.5 (3.0 to 4.0) | 4.1 (3.5 to 4.7) | 6.0 (5.1 to 6.8) | 6.0 (5.3 to 6.7) | 5.7 (4.3 to 7.0) | 0.25 (0.18 to 0.33) | − 0.01 (− 0.09 to 0.06) | − 0.27 (− 0.37 to − 0.17) | 0.87 (0.66 to 1.15) |
College or higher | 2.5 (2.1 to 2.9) | 2.6 (2.1 to 3.1) | 3.7 (3.2 to 4.2) | 4.9 (4.3 to 5.5) | 3.7 (2.8 to 4.5) | 0.32 (0.24 to 0.40) | − 0.08 − (0.14 to − 0.01) | − 0.39 (− 0.50 to − 0.29) | 0.91 (0.71 to 1.17) |
Household income | |||||||||
Low | 5.5 (4.8 to 6.2) | 5.9 (4.9 to 7.0) | 8.6 (7.5 to 9.8) | 8.8 (7.9 to 9.7) | 8.3 (6.7 to 10.0) | 0.23 (0.16 to 0.30) | − 0.01 (− 0.08 to 0.05) | − 0.24 (− 0.34 to − 0.15) | 0.96 (0.77 to 1.20) |
Lower-middle | 4.8 (4.2 to 5.4) | 5.3 (4.5 to 6.2) | 6.8 (5.9 to 7.7) | 6.8 (6.0 to 7.7) | 5.7 (4.4 to 7.1) | 0.17 (0.10 to 0.24) | − 0.05 (− 0.12 to 0.03) | − 0.22 (− 0.32 to − 0.11) | 0.84 (0.64 to 1.11) |
Higher-middle | 4.8 (4.2 to 5.4) | 5.0 (4.2 to 5.8) | 6.2 (5.4 to 7.1) | 6.1 (5.3 to 7.0) | 5.1 (3.9 to 6.3) | 0.12 (0.04 to 0.20) | − 0.05 (− 0.12 to 0.02) | − 0.17 (− 0.28 to − 0.07) | 0.80 (0.62 to 1.04) |
High | 5.3 (4.6 to 6.0) | 5.4 (4.6 to 6.2) | 6.7 (5.8 to 7.6) | 6.7 (5.8 to 7.6) | 7.0 (5.6 to 8.4) | 0.12 (0.04 to 0.20) | 0.01 (− 0.05 to 0.08) | − 0.10 (− 0.21 to 0.00) | 1.04 (0.82 to 1.32) |
BMI | |||||||||
BMI < 23.0 | 4.3 (3.8 to 4.8) | 5.2 (4.6 to 5.8) | 6.4 (5.7 to 7.1) | 6.6 (5.9 to 7.2) | 6.3 (5.1 to 7.5) | 0.19 (0.13 to 0.25) | − 0.01 (− 0.07 to 0.05) | − 0.20 (− 0.28 to − 0.12) | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.14) |
23.0 ≤ BMI < 25.0 | 4.7 (4.1 to 5.3) | 4.5 (3.8 to 5.2) | 7.5 (6.5 to 8.5) | 6.3 (5.5 to 7.1) | 7.5 (5.9 to 9.1) | 0.18 (0.10 to 0.25) | 0.05 (− 0.02 to 0.11) | − 0.13 (− 0.23 to − 0.03) | 1.21 (0.93 to 1.58) |
BMI ≥ 25.0 | 6.6 (5.9 to 7.3) | 6.4 (5.6 to 7.2) | 7.7 (6.9 to 8.5) | 8.3 (7.5 to 9.2) | 6.2 (5.1 to 7.3) | 0.12 (0.06 to 0.19) | − 0.08 (− 0.13 to − 0.03) | − 0.20 (− 0.29 to − 0.12) | 0.77 (0.63 to 0.94) |
Current smoking | |||||||||
No | 5.1 (4.6 to 5.5) | 5.8 (5.1 to 6.4) | 7.8 (7.2 to 8.5) | 7.0 (6.4 to 7.6) | 6.0 (5.1 to 6.8) | 0.15 (0.10 to 0.20) | − 0.04 (− 0.09 to 0.00) | − 0.20 (− 0.26 to − 0.13) | 0.80 (0.68 to 0.94) |
Yes | 5.1 (4.6 to 5.7) | 5.0 (4.4 to 5.6) | 6.1 (5.4 to 6.7) | 7.3 (6.6 to 8.0) | 7.3 (6.1 to 8.4) | 0.17 (0.11 to 0.23) | 0.00 (− 0.05 to 0.05) | − 0.17 (− 0.25 to − 0.09) | 1.09 (0.91 to 1.31) |
Outpatient visit | |||||||||
No | 4.0 (3.6 to 4.3) | 4.3 (3.8 to 4.8) | 6.2 (5.7 to 6.8) | 6.7 (6.2 to 7.2) | 6.2 (5.4 to 7.1) | 0.25 (0.20 to 0.30) | − 0.02 (− 0.06 to 0.02) | − 0.27 (− 0.33 to − 0.20) | 0.97 (0.83 to 1.13) |
Yes | 7.9 (7.2 to 8.6) | 8.1 (7.2 to 8.9) | 9.3 (8.4 to 10.2) | 8.2 (7.3 to 9.1) | 7.5 (5.8 to 9.2) | 0.04 − (0.02 to 0.10) | − 0.03 (− 0.09 to 0.04) | − 0.06 (− 0.15 to 0.03) | 0.83 (0.66 to 1.05) |
Medical condition | |||||||||
Without | 2.8 (2.5 to 3.0) | 2.8 (2.4 to 3.2) | 4.5 (4.0 to 5.0) | 4.0 (3.6 to 4.4) | 3.1 (2.5 to 3.8) | 0.20 (0.14 to 0.26) | − 0.06 (− 0.12 to − 0.01) | − 0.26 (− 0.34 to − 0.18) | 0.90 (0.73 to 1.12) |
With | 12.3 (11.2 to 13.3) | 13.0 (11.9 to 14.1) | 13.6 (12.5 to 14.7) | 13.7 (12.6 to 14.7) | 12.8 (11.3 to 14.3) | 0.05 (0.00 to 0.10) | − 0.02 (− 0.06 to 0.02) | − 0.07 (− 0.13 to 0.00) | 0.89 (0.77 to 1.03) |
