Table 1 Patient characteristics.

No. of patients

140

Sex: male/female (n)

117/23

Median age (range)

67 (46–76)

Performance status (ECOG) (n, %)

 0/1

134 (95.7%)

 2

6 (4.3%)

BSA (m²) (median, range)

1.73 (1.36–2.25)

Staging (n, %)

 Stage IV/recurrence

50 (35.7%)

 Others

90 (64.3%)

Histology (n, %)

 Adeno

55 (39.3%)

 Small

45 (32.1%)

 Squamous

22 (15.7%)

 Others

18 (12.9%)

Bone metastasis (n, %)

17 (12.1%)

Liver metastasis (n, %)

9 (6.4%)

Brain metastasis (n, %)

14 (10.0%)

Treatment line (n, %)

 First line

124 (88.6%)

 Second or later line

16 (11.4%)

Adjuvant chemotherapy setting (n, %)

45 (32.1%)

Radiation combination (n, %)

34 (24.3%)

Albumin (g/dL) (median, range)

4.0 (2.2–5.0)

Hemoglobin (g/dL) (median, range)

13.0 (8.2–16.7)

HbA1c (%) (median, range)

7.0 (5.4–11.1)

Liver dysfunction (n, %)

25 (17.9%)

Creatinine (mg/dL) (median, range)

0.69 (0.35–1.15)

CCr (mL/min) (median, range)

93.7 (48.8–176.6)

 < 60 mL/min (n, %)

4 (2.9%)

Sodium (mEq/L) (median, range)

139 (128–145)

Potassium (mEq/L) (median, range)

4.2 (3.0–5.6)

Chloride (mEq/L) (median, range)

104 (94–110)

Calcium (mg/dL) (median, range)

9.4 (8.0–10.7)

Hypertension (n, %)

68 (48.6%)

Smoking history (Former or Current) (n, %)

133 (95.0%)

 Current smoker

53 (37.9%)

Alcohol intake (≥ 5 days in a week) (n, %)

73 (52.1%)

Chemotherapy regimen (n, %)

 CDDP + VNR

54 (38.6%)

 CDDP + ETP

41 (29.3%)

 CDDP + PEM

22 (15.7%)

 CDDP + IRI

11 (7.9%)

 CDDP + PEM + BV

10 (7.1%)

 CDDP + GEM

2 (1.4%)

CDDP dosage (mg/m²) (n, %)

 80

93 (67.9%)

 75

32 (21.4%)

 64

4 (2.9%)

 60

11 (7.9%)

Co-administration of PPIs (n, %)

51 (36.4%)

Co-administration of NSAIDs (n, %)

29 (20.7%)

Types of diabetes medication

 DPP-4 inhibitors or GLP-1 analogs

106 (75.7%)

 Metformin

65 (46.4%)

 Sulfonylurea agents or glinides

46 (32.9%)

 Insulin

35 (25.0%)

 Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors

19 (13.6%)

 α-glucosidase inhibitors

14 (10.0%)

 Pioglitazone

0 (0%)