Table 2 Morphological attributes of the soil profiles.

From: Microtopography effects on pedogenesis in the mudstone-derived soils of the hilly mountainous regions

Profile No.

Horizon

Depth (cm)

Soil colour

Soil structure

Plasticity

Animal activity

Intrusions

Dry state

Wet state

S1-1

Ah

0–12

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

Earthworm

–

C

 > 12

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S1-2

Ap

0–25

2.5YR 5/4

2.5YR 4/4

GS

Not plastic

–

–

C

 > 25

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S1-3

Ap

0–18

2.5YR 6/4

2.5YR 4/4

GS, BS

Not plastic

Ant nest

–

Bw1

18–31/47

2.5YR 5/4

2.5YR 4/4

BS

Slightly plastic

–

Bricks and rubbles

Bw2

31/47–72

2.5YR 5/4

2.5YR 4/4

BS

Slightly plastic

–

–

C

 > 72

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S1-4

Ap

0–12

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Slightly plastic

–

Cinders

Bw1

12–45

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

Shells

Bw2

45–70

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

Bw3

70–90

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

C

 > 90

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S1-5

Ap

0–14

2.5YR 6/8

2.5YR 6/8

BS

Slightly plastic

–

Bricks and rubbles

Bw1

14–30

2.5YR 6/8

2.5YR 5/8

BS

Medium plastic

–

Shells

Bw2

30–58

2.5YR 6/8

2.5YR 5/8

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

Bw3

65–100

2.5YR 6/8

2.5YR 5/8

BS

Plastic

–

–

S2-1

Ah

0–10

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

C

 > 10

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S2-2

Ap

0–15

2.5YR 5/4

2.5YR 5/6

BS, GS

Not plastic

Earthworm, Centipede

–

Bw

15–40

2.5YR 5/4

2.5YR 4/4

BS

Not plastic

–

–

C

 > 40

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S2-3

Ap

0–24

2.5YR 6/6

2.5YR 6/6

GS

Not plastic

Ant

–

Bw1

24–35

2.5YR 6/6

2.5YR 5/6

BS, GS

Not plastic

Beetle

–

Bw2

35–51

2.5YR 6/6

2.5YR 5/6

BS

Slightly plastic

–

–

C

 > 51

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S2-4

Ap

0–15

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Not plastic

–

Cinders

Bw1

15–35

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Slightly plastic

–

Shells

Bw2

35–62

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

Bw3

62–95

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

C

 > 95

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S2-5

Ap

0–25

5YR 5/6

5YR 4/6

BS, GS

Slightly plastic

–

–

Bw1

25–42

5YR 5/4

5YR 4/4

BS

Slightly plastic

–

Shells

Bw2

42–70/74

5YR 5/4

5YR 4/4

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

Bw3

70/74–100

5YR 5/4

5YR 5/4

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

S3-1

Ah

0–20/25

2.5YR 5/4

2.5YR 4/4

BS

Not plastic

–

–

C

 > 20/25

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S3-2

Ap

0–20

2.5YR 5/4

2.5YR 6/6

GS

Not plastic

Earthworm

–

Bw1

20–33

2.5YR 5/4

2.5YR 6/6

GS

Not plastic

–

–

Bw2

33–60

2.5YR 5/4

2.5YR 6/6

BS

Slightly plastic

–

–

C

 > 60

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

GS

Not plastic

–

–

S3-3

Ap

0–22

2.5YR 6/4

2.5YR 4/4

GS

Not plastic

–

–

Bw1

22–37

2.5YR 5/4

2.5YR 4/4

BS, GS

Not plastic

–

Bricks

Bw2

37–75

2.5YR 5/4

2.5YR 4/4

BS

Slightly plastic

–

–

C

 > 75

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S3-4

Ap

0–15

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Slightly plastic

Ant

–

Bw1

15–38

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Slightly plastic

–

–

Bw2

38–75

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

medium

–

–

Bw3

75–100

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

S3-5

Ap

0–18

5YR 5/6

5YR 4/6

BS

Slightly plastic

Earthworm

–

Bw1

18–33

5YR 5/4

5YR 4/4

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

Bw2

33–56

5YR 5/4

5YR 4/4

BS

Plastic

–

–

Bw3

56–84

5YR 5/4

5YR 5/4

BS

Plastic

–

–

Bw4

84–100

5YR 4/4

5YR 3/4

BS

Plastic

–

–

S4-1

Ah

0–20

10R 5/4

10R 4/4

BS

Not plastic

–

–

C

 > 20

10R 4/4

10R 3/4

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S4-2

Ap

0–25

10R 5/4

10R 4/4

GS

Not plastic

Earthworm

–

Bw

25–40

10R 4/4

10R 3/4

GS

Slightly plastic

–

–

C

 > 40

10R 4/4

10R 3/4

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S4-3

Ap

0–20

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

Bw

20–40/55

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

C

 > 40/55

2.5YR 4/6

2.5YR 3/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S4-4

Ap

0–20

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

GS, BS

Not plastic

Ant

–

AB

20–35

2.5YR 4/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Not plastic

–

–

Bw1

35–51

2.5YR 4/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

Cinders

Bw2

51–83

2.5YR 4/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

C

 > 83

2.5YR 4/4

2.5YR 3/4

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S4-5

Ap

0–20

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS, GS

Not plastic

Earthworm

–

Bw1

20–45

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

Shells

Bw2

45–68/75

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

Bw3

68/75–100

2.5YR 4/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

S5-1

Ah

0–18

10R 5/6

10R 4/6

GS

Not plastic

–

–

C

 > 18

10R 4/6

10R 3/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S5-2

Ap

0–10/15

10R 5/6

10R 4/6

GS

Not plastic

Earthworm, Centipede

–

AC

10/15–25

10R 5/6

10R 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

C

 > 25

10R 4/6

10R 3/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S5-3

Ap

0–22

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

AB

22–45

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Slightly plastic

–

–

Bw

45–65

2.5YR 5/6

2.5YR 4/6

BS

Medium plastic

–

Cinders

C

 > 65

2.5YR 4/6

2.5YR 3/6

BS

Not plastic

–

–

S5-4

Ap

0–10

2.5YR 5/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Slightly plastic

Ant nest

Cinders

Bw1

10–30

5YR 6/4

5YR 4/6

BS

Medium plastic

–

Shells

Bw2

30–55

2.5YR 4/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

Bw3

55–68

2.5YR 4/3

2.5YR 4/3

BS

Plastic

–

–

Bw4

68–100

2.5YR 4/4

2.5YR 3/4

BS

Plastic

–

–

S5-5

Ap

0–30

5YR 5/6

5YR 4/6

BS

Not plastic

Earthworm

–

Bw1

30–55

5YR 5/4

5YR 4/4

BS

Medium plastic

–

Shells

Bw2

55–77

5YR 5/4

5YR 4/4

BS

Medium plastic

–

–

Bw3

77–100

5YR 5/4

5YR 5/4

BS

Plastic

–

–

  1. BS, blocky structure; GS, granular structure.
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