Table 1 Summary of different existing VSC network designs in previous literature related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

From: An integrated blockchain-enabled multi-channel vaccine supply chain network under hybrid uncertainties

Reference

Type of Model

Blockchain Technology

Priority

Product

Period

Solution Method

Objective functions

Uncertainty

Single

Multi

Single

Multi

Robust

Fuzzy

Stochastic

Parameter

Dai et al. 46

MILP

  

✔

  

✔

Heuristic

Cost

    

Habibi et al. 21

MILP

   

✔

 

✔

Meta-heuristic

Cost

    

Abbasi et al. 19

MIP

   

✔

 

✔

Heuristic

Cost and environmental effect

    

Fadaki et al. 47

MILP

   

✔

 

✔

Exact

Risk

    

Georgiadis & Georgiadis 48

MILP

   

✔

  

Exact

Cost

    

Valizadeh et al. 23

MILP

  

✔

 

✔

 

Hybrid algorithm

Time, cost, and risk

  

✔

Demand

Chen et al. 5

MILP

  

✔

 

✔

 

Exact

Death

    

Shiri & Ahmadi zar 30

MILP

 

✔

✔

  

✔

Exact

Cost

  

✔

Demand

Kochakkashani et al. 33

MILP

   

✔

 

✔

Exact

Cost

  

✔

Intrinsic part of the problem

Goodarzian et al. 25

MINLP

  

✔

  

✔

Meta-heuristic based on IoT

Cost, time, and environmental effects

  

✔

Demand and supply

Tang et al. 49

MILP

     

✔

Exact and meta-heuristic

Cost and equity

    

Gilani and Sahebi 34

MIP

   

✔

✔

 

Exact

Cost, social, and environmental effects

✔

  

Vaccine accessibility

Khodaee et al. 50

MIP

  

✔

 

✔

 

Exact

Cost

    

Rahman et al. 22

MILP

   

✔

 

✔

Hybrid meta-heuristic

Cost and equity

    

Alizadeh et al. 20

MIP

  

✔

  

✔

Exact

Cost and social effects

    

Tavana et al. 6

MILP

   

✔

 

✔

Exact

Cost

    

Abbasi et al. 1

MILP

  

✔

  

✔

Exact

Cost and risk

    

Jahani et al. 51

NLP

   

✔

 

✔

Meta-heuristic

Cost and queue length

    

Bani et al. 29

MILP

   

✔

 

✔

Exact

Cost and environmental effect

✔

  

Tendency rate of vaccination

Wang et al. 32

MILP

   

✔

 

✔

Exact

Cost and social effect

✔

  

Demand and supply

Goentzel et al. 26

MIP

  

✔

 

✔

 

Exact

C immunization coverage

    

Sazvar et al. 27

MIP

  

✔

   

Exact

Cost and access to vaccine

    

Dastgoshade et al. 52

MIP

  

✔

 

✔

 

Exact

Cost, social, and equity

  

✔

Demand and supply

Mohammadi et al. 28

MINLP

   

✔

✔

 

Exact

Cost and equity

✔

  

Transmission, death, contacts

Işık and Yildiz 53

MILP

   

✔

 

✔

Exact

Cost

✔

  

Demand, capacities, supply

Moadab et al. 31

MILP

      

Exact

Cost, social, and environmental effects

  

✔

Demand

Taghipour et al. 37

MIP

  

✔

 

✔

 

Exact

Cost and reliability

   

Demand

Current paper

MILP

✔

✔

 

✔

 

✔

Exact (Multistage)

Cost

 

✔

✔

Supply, quality, and price

  1. NLP Non-Linear Programming, MINLP Mix Integer Non-Linear Programming.