Table 2 Mean %MVIC during crown preparation of #16 according to visual aids.

From: Effect of loupe and microscope on dentists’ neck and shoulder muscle workload during crown preparation

Muscle

Mean %MVIC

Overall p-value

post-hoc

Total

Naked eye (N)

Loupe (L)

Microscope (M)

N vs. L

N vs. M

L vs. M

Rt. Upper trapezius

16.70 ± 15.84

19.93 ± 13.61b

21.89 ± 20.86I

8.28 ± 6.37α

0.0043

 > 0.9999

0.0247

0.0067

Lt. Upper trapezius

8.56 ± 6.62

10.67 ± 7.21c,d

7.78 ± 6.19II

7.25 ± 6.16α

0.1579

0.3925

0.2244

 > 0.9999

Rt. SCM

7.99 ± 5.47

10.08 ± 6.10c,d

8.10 ± 5.90II

5.78 ± 3.26α

0.0217

0.5804

0.0176

0.3915

Lt. SCM

11.33 ± 8.92

16.36 ± 11.95b,d

11.13 ± 6.55II

6.50 ± 3.00α

0.0003

0.0825

0.0002

0.1507

Rt. Erector spinae

19.46 ± 9.94

20.99 ± 7.44b

22.51 ± 12.19I

14.88 ± 8.18β

0.0169

 > 0.9999

0.0875

0.021

Lt. Erector spinae

24.13 ± 13.86

30.27 ± 17.10a

25.75 ± 7.92I

16.37 ± 11.55β

0.0012

0.6726

0.001

0.0396

Rt. Ant. deltoid

6.04 ± 6.07

6.19 ± 6.09c

5.82 ± 7.12II

6.10 ± 5.11α

0.9769

 > 0.9999

 > 0.9999

 > 0.9999

Lt. Ant. deltoid

4.02 ± 3.36

4.83 ± 4.38c

4.58 ± 3.30II

2.64 ± 1.33α

0.0445

 > 0.9999

0.0684

0.1267

  1. Values are mean ± SD. The data is collected from the four surfaces of tooth #16 from six participants. Different alphabets indicate significant differences in mean %MVIC during crown preparation with the naked eye. Different Roman numbers indicate significant differences in mean %MVIC during crown preparation using a loupe. Different Greek alphabets indicate significant difference in mean %MVIC during crown preparation using a microscope. SCM, sternocleidomastoid; MVIC, maximum voluntary isometric contractions.
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