Table 10 Comparison of proposed models with literature.
Models | Phases | R2 | RMSE (MPa) | MAE (MPa) | PI | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANN | Training | 0.97 | 15.97 | 11.32 | – | Indraratna et al.110 |
Testing | 0.93 | 25.12 | 18.17 | – | ||
Validation | 0.94 | 22.78 | 17.11 | – | ||
ANFIS | Training | 0.97 | 15.11 | 10.41 | – | |
Testing | 0.87 | 32.70 | 21.29 | – | ||
Validation | 0.92 | 27.39 | 18.40 | – | ||
MLR | Training | 0.32 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.54 | Kardani et al.28 |
GBR | Training | 0.77 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 1.18 | |
DTR | Training | 0.91 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 1.78 | |
KNR | Training | 0.54 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 1.00 | |
RFR | Training | 0.93 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.83 | |
VO-ENSM | Training | 0.88 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 1.61 | |
VO-ENSM (RF) | Training | 0.92 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 1.72 | |
ST-ENSM | Training | 0.92 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 1.80 | |
BG-ENSM | Training | 0.98 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.94 | |
MLR | Testing | 0.29 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.47 | |
GBR | Testing | 0.79 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 1.19 | |
DTR | Testing | 0.93 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.82 | |
KNR | Testing | 0.73 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 1.38 | |
RFR | Testing | 0.95 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.87 | |
VO-ENSM | Testing | 0.92 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 1.70 | |
VO-ENSM (RF) | Testing | 0.95 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 1.78 | |
ST-ENSM | Testing | 0.95 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.87 | |
BG-ENSM | Testing | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.99 | |
MLR | Testing | 0.87 | 2143.00 | – | – | Pahno et al.111 |
Regression Tree | Testing | 0.84 | 2339.00 | – | – | |
RF | Testing | 0.94 | 1499.00 | – | – | |
XGBoost | Testing | 0.95 | 1321.00 | – | – | |
GEP | Training | 0.99 | 2.41 | 1.72 | 0.04 | This Study |
Testing | 0.98 | 3.64 | 2.57 | 0.05 | ||
MEP | Training | 0.98 | 3.82 | 2.50 | 0.06 | |
Testing | 0.97 | 4.89 | 3.28 | 0.07 | ||
ANN | Training | 0.97 | 4.94 | 3.10 | 0.07 | |
Testing | 0.95 | 7.38 | 5.48 | 0.11 |
