Table 5 Economic, operation, and security situation of SDN considering various cases.

From: Multi-objective economic operation of smart distribution network with renewable-flexible virtual power plants considering voltage security index

Case

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

Economic

Energy cost ($)

3269.2

2451.6

1824.2

2502.3

1891.3

1862.1

Security

Weak bus

27

27

27

27

27

27

Min WSI (p.u.)

0.735

0.815

0.878

0.865

0.918

0.933

Operation

Energy loss (MWh)

3.65

2.321

2.192

2.465

1.936

1.902

Maximum voltage drop (p.u.)

0.092

0.051

0.049

0.049

0.048

0.047

Maximum over-voltage (p.u.)

0

0.034

0.022

0.024

0.015

0.013

Peak load carrying capability (MW)

3.715

4.967

5.361

5.284

5.601

5.624

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