Table 3 Levels of carnitine and acylcarnitines among the study groups.

From: Nutritional status and extended metabolic screening in Egyptian children with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes

Variables (mean ± SD)

(μmol/l)

T1DM

(N = 50)

Control

(N = 50)

P- value

Free carnitine (C0)

41.48 ± 11.30

49.44 ± 11.06

0.0006**

Short-chain acylcarnitines

Acetyl carnitine (C2)

47.34 ± 11.77

46.77 ± 11.15

0.804

Propionylcarnitine (C3)

3.54 ± 1.13

4.17 ± 1.29

0.01*

Malonylcarnitine(C3DC)

0.13 ± 0.05

0.18 ± 0.04

0.0001**

Butyrylcarnitine (C4)

0.74 ± 0.35

1.15 ± 0.35

0.0001**

Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (C4OH)

0.38 ± 0.24

0.59 ± 0.097

0.0001**

Methylmalonylcarnitine (C4DC)

1.61 ± 0.12

1.69 ± 0.48

0.255

Methylcrotonylcarnitine (C5:1)

0.24 ± 0.10

0.34 ± 0.05

0.0001**

Isovalerylcarnitine (C5)

1.01 ± 0.14

1.09 ± 0.297

0.088

Hydroxy-Isovalerylcarnitine (C5OH)

0.36 ± 0.11

0.53 ± 0.13

0.0001**

Glutarylcarnitine (C5DC)

0.11 ± 0.05

0.16 ± 0.04

0.0001**

Hexanoylcarnitine (C6)

0.26 ± 0.07

0.32 ± 0.08

0.0001**

Methylglutarylcarnitine (C6DC)

0.14 ± 0.04

0.15 ± 0.04

0.214

Medium-chain acylcarnitines

Octanoylcarnitine (C8)

0.20 ± 0.03

0.21 ± 0.05

0.228

Decanoylcarnitine (C10)

0.24 ± 0.05

0.23 ± 0.05

0.315

Decenoylcarnitine (C10:1)

0.15 ± 0.04

0.21 ± 0.06

0.0001**

Dodecanoylcarnitine (C12)

0.40 ± 0.11

0.49 ± 0.03

0.0001**

Dodecenoylcarnitine (C12:1)

0.07 ± 0.01

0.07 ± 0.03

1.000

Tetradecanoylcarnitine (C14)

0.72 ± 0.15

0.67 ± 0.23

0.209

Tetradecenoylcarnitine (C14:1)

0.46 ± 0.08

0.47 ± 0.14

0.662

Hydroxytetradecanoylcarnitine (C14OH)

0.15 ± 0.06

0.23 ± 0.04

0.0001**

Long-chain acylcarnitines

Hexadecanoylcarnitine (C16)

4.63 ± 2.76

5.95 ± 1.97

0.007*

Hexadecenoylcarnitine (C16:1)

0.31 ± 0.04

0.38 ± 0.13

0.0004**

Hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnitine (C16OH)

0.15 ± 0.03

0.17 ± 0.05

0.017*

Octadecanoylcarnitine (C18)

2.05 ± 0.43

2.03 ± 0.87

0.884

Octadecenoylcarnitine (C18:1)

1.79 ± 0.38

2.02 ± 0.47

0.008*

Hydroxyoctadecanoylcarnitine (C18OH)

0.21 ± 0.06

0.27 ± 0.09

0.0002**

Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitine (C18:1OH)

0.19 ± 0.04

0.24 ± 0.05

0.0001**

  1. * Statistically significant predictor (p < 0.05). ** highly Statistically significant predictor (p < 0.001).
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