Fig. 15
From: Multi-depot routing problem with van-based driverless vehicles
Delivery costs, the ratios and the times of driverless vehicles under different \(t_{r}\). (a) Delivery cost (b) The ratios for vans (c) The ratios for driverless vehicles (d) The times of driverless vehicles dispatched (e) The times of driverless vehicle dispatched on the van-van joint distribution.
