Table 10 Results from the utilization of raw and minimum–maximum preprocessing for 7-day compressive strength by using DAVO algorithm.

From: Predicting the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete by developed African vulture optimization algorithm-Elman neural networks

7-day compressive strength

Neuron number

4

8

12

16

MSE test

Raw

57.40

69.71

64.08

54.76

Min–Max

57.39

69.71

64.08

53.67

MSE train

Raw

83.59

89.33

86.45

83.26

Min–Max

83.58

89.33

86.45

82.87

R test

Raw

0.86

0.82

0.82

0.86

Min–Max

0.86

0.82

0.82

0.85

R train

Raw

0.63

0.60

0.61

0.63

Min–Max

0.63

0.60

0.61

0.64