Table 4 The substantiation result of the studied algorithms.

From: Predicting the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete by developed African vulture optimization algorithm-Elman neural networks

Test Function

IAVOA52

AVOA

BH51

MVO50

EPO53

LOA49

f1

 MD

0

1.72

1.96

5.29

3.01

3.15

 SD

0

1.50

1.67

3.98

2.39

1.37

f2

 MD

1.82

1.99

3.21

1.88

1.07

1.26

 SD

0.93

1.69

1.56

1.62

2.45

0.38

f3

 MD

0

3.98e−21

1.37e−19

7e−13

3.56e−9

4.29e−19

 SD

0

0

0.89e−18

5e−13

2.15e−9

0

f4

 MD

0

0

3.71e−9

8.17e−10

9.04e−11

0

 SD

0

0

2.37e−9

5.31e−10

4.62e−11

0

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