Fig. 1
From: Identifying fabricated networks within authorship-for-sale enterprises

Histogram of Stage I and Stage II researchers with network shapes that have been been repeated fewer than 10 times in 2022. Researchers are distributed across the x-axis by their clustering coefficient. The middle green histogram represents the subset of researchers that have produced greater than 20 publications in the year. In the bottom red subset, the most frequent collaborator is a Stage I-III researcher, and greater that 50% of the network is made up of Stage I-II researchers.