Table 2 Percentage uniqueness of network shape with approximate career stage for 2022. Each column in the table relates to a specific class of network shape. The column labelled ”\(> n=0\)” are those that have been seen fewer than 10 times; the column labelled ”\(> n=1\)” are those network shapes that have appeared more than 10 times but fewer than 100 times.Percentages are relative to the size of the age cohort. Thus, 0.10% of students are associated with co-authorship network shapes that occur fewer than 10 times in 2022.

From: Identifying fabricated networks within authorship-for-sale enterprises