Table 1 Study participants characteristics.

Distribution

 Age—years

9.1 ± 4.2

11.7 ± 2.8

6.5 ± 3.8

0.009^†

 Sex—Male no. (%)

7 (44)

5 (63)

2 (25)

0.3^‡

 Pubertal—no. (%)

7 (44)

2 (25)

5 (62.5)

0.3^‡

 BMI (Z-score)

− 0.92 ± 1.22

− 0.81 ± 1.43

− 1.04 ± 1.01

0.65^†

Baseline diabetes characteristics

 HbA_1C—% [mmol/mol]

12.2 ± 1.6

12.2 ± 2.0

12.1 ± 1.3

0.88^†

 Presence of ketoacidosis—no. (%)

5 (31)

1 (13)

4 (50)

0.28^‡

 Glycaemia—mg/dL

404 ± 162

405 ± 199

404 ± 136

0.99^†

Insulin administration

 MDI—no. (%)

11 (70)

8 (100)

3 (37.5)

0.2^‡

Glycemic control^|| (n = 16)

 HbA_1C—% [mmol/mol]

6.3 ± 1.0

5.5 ± 0.4

7.2 ± 0.7

 < 0.001^†

 Insulin doses—IU/kg/day

0.6 ± 0.4

0.4 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.5

0.07^†

 IDAA_1C

8.8 ± 2.0

7.2 ± 0.6

10.4 ± 1.6

0.006^†

Fasting and stimulated C-peptide^||

 CPEP_BASAL (pmol/mL)

0.2 ± 0.2

0.3 ± 0.2

0.2 ± 0.1

0.1^¶

 CPEP_STIM (pmol/mL/min)

0.5 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.5

0.3 ± 0.2

0.14^¶

 CPEP_EST (pmol/mL)^§

0.5 ± 0.2

0.6 ± 0.2

0.3 ± 0.1

0.01^†

 Miss values—CPEP_EST/CPEP_STIM (n)

2/3

1/2

1/1

/