Table 10 Results of GGO algorithm compared to others optimization algorithms using Rastrigin function.

From: Greylag goose optimization and multilayer perceptron for enhancing lung cancer classification

Metric

Rastrigin (bGGO)

Rastrigin (bSC)

Rastrigin (bMVO)

Rastrigin (bPSO)

Rastrigin (bWOA)

Rastrigin (bGWO)

Rastrigin (bFA)

Average error

0.473

0.485

0.496

0.516

0.545

0.553

0.571

Average Select size

0.454

0.472

0.481

0.497

0.522

0.536

0.554

Average Fitness

0.518

0.538

0.568

0.583

0.598

0.624

0.646

Best Fitness

0.485

0.513

0.546

0.563

0.581

0.616

0.636

Worst Fitness

0.532

0.562

0.574

0.592

0.615

0.628

0.643

Standard deviation Fitness

0.324

0.347

0.361

0.378

0.393

0.416

0.435