Scientific Reports

Table 3 The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed feature selection technique (bGGO) in comparison to existing binary optimization techniques.

From: Greylag goose optimization and multilayer perceptron for enhancing lung cancer classification

	bGGO	bSC	bMVO	bPSO	bWOA	bGWO	bFOA
Theoretical median	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Actual median	0.7743	0.7915	0.8051	0.8253	0.8251	0.8116	0.8237
Number of values	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Sum of signed ranks (W)	55	55	55	55	55	55	55
Sum of positive ranks	55	55	55	55	55	55	55
Sum of negative ranks	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
P value (two tailed)	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002
Exact or estimate?	Exact	Exact	Exact	Exact	Exact	Exact	Exact
P value summary	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
Significant (alpha = 0.05)?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
How big is the discrepancy?
Discrepancy	0.7743	0.7915	0.8051	0.8253	0.8251	0.8116	0.8237

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