Table 2 Comparison with the existing broadband mm-wave antenna.

From: Physical analysis of high refractive index metamaterial-based radiation aggregation engineering of planar dipole antenna for gain enhancement of mm-wave applications

Ref.

Size

(mm3)

Antenna

design

Technique and MTM

Structure

Layer

Air gap

Operation BW

(GHz)

BW

%

Gain Enhance

dBi

MIMO

48

8 × 8 × 0.79

(0.7λ0 × 0.7 λ0 × 0.07 λ0)

Umbrella-shaped patch antenna

No MTM is used

1

–

27.5−28.25

36.5−39.25

57−64

23.6

18.4

12.1

–

No

49

16 × 16 × 0.79

(1.3.λ0 × 1.3 λ0 × 0.065 λ0)

Defected ground antenna

No MTM is used

1

–

25–50

66.6

–

Yes

50

13 × 22 × 0.508

(1.12λ0 × 1.89 λ0 × 0.043 λ0)

Landstorfer PLPDA

Semi-circular splits ring

1

No

25.7–40

43.5

1.9

No

39

15 × 22 × 0.508

(1.3λ0 × 1.91 λ0 × 0.044 λ0)

Clamped mode PLPDA

Semi ring patch

1

No

26–40

42.4

1.6 dBi

No

38

10 × 17.5 × 0.508

(1.34λ0 × 2.37 λ0 × 0.07 λ0)

PLPDA

Bow tie directors

1

No

40–50

22.2

0.73

No

6

12.4 × 12.4 × 0.5

(1.0λ0 × 1.0 λ0 × 0.041 λ0)

Patch antenna

Square patch Meta-surface

1

No

24.5–31

23.5

4

Yes

22

10 × 10 × ≈5.12

(0.94λ0 × 0.94λ0 × 0.48 λ0)

Microstrip antenna

Cross shape

4

Yes

28–34

19.3

N/A

Yes

44

31 × 31 × 2

(2.71λ0 × 2.71λ0 × 0.181 λ0)

Shared aperture antenna

Splits ring resonators

1

No

27–30

10.5

1.6

No

12

30 × 30.5 × 0.508

(2.46λ0 × 2.5λ0 × 0.041 λ0)

Bow-tie antenna

Meander and triple I shape

1

No

24.5–27.5

11.5

2.9

No

51

40 × 24 × 1.6

(3.3λ0 × 1.99λ0 × 0.13 λ0)

Antipodal Vivaldi antenna

Inverted V shape

1

No

24.8–34.52

32.7

1.78

No

52

17 × 11.7 × ≈7.6

(1.39λ0 × 0.96λ0 × 0.62 λ0)

Two-element slotted patch antenna

Splits ring resonators

2

Yes

24.5–26.5

7.8

2.2

Yes

Proposed

10 × 18 × 0.254

(0.77λ0 × 1.38λ0 × 0.0195 λ0)

Dipole antenna

Inverted dual C shape

1

No

23–38

49.2

3.5

Yes

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