Table 3 Downscaled mean (standard deviation) gross primary production (GPP, gC m−2 year−1) by land cover, year and province in Kazakhstan and Mongolia.
Land cover | Year | Kazakhstan | Mongolia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aktobe | Akmola | Almaty | Overall | Arkhangai | Tov | Dornod | Overall | ||
Barren | 2000 | 149.92 (50.08) | 290.91 (57.37) | 104.55 (18.08) | 182.37 (86.81) | – | 155.93 (25.19) | 153.11 (47.08) | 153.93 (41.67) |
2010 | 130.71 (35.66) | 209.07 (72.17) | 97.11 (18.14) | 149.66 (63.93) | 335.49 (–) | 156.17 (27.92) | 199.02 (51.41) | 190.07 (53.70) | |
2020 | 142.48 (38.56) | 255.08 (66.33) | 133.44 (25.34) | 179.63 (72.86) | – | 170.7 (30.34) | 188.14 (63.99) | 183.32 (56.92) | |
Overall | 140.98 (42.44) | 251.13 (73.19) | 109.61 (24.71) | 170.50 (76.49) | 335.49 (–) | 160.94 (28.04) | 180.44 (57.65) | 176.08 (53.29) | |
Cropland | 2000 | 380.35 (55.37) | 380.59 (51.04) | 342.23 (139.17) | 368.62 (90.48) | 300.61 (17.49) | 300.30 (11.55) | 391.98 (73.8) | 362.44 (74.71) |
2010 | 253.00 (58.21) | 304.18 (57.67) | 293.03 (130.35) | 280.06 (90.10) | 357.69 (27.47) | 438.49 (27.73) | 419.07 (48.58) | 414.47 (48.64) | |
2020 | 299.84 (61.68) | 375.19 (72.86) | 436.08 (139.57) | 362.22 (108.97) | 385.41 (17.3) | 389.9 (44.31) | 435.62 (54.89) | 420.91 (54.03) | |
Overall | 308.22 (78.03) | 355.07 (69.83) | 354.6 (147.81) | 336.64 (104.89) | 350.02 (40.54) | 381.02 (65.4) | 416.39 (61.83) | 400.53 (64.62) | |
Forest | 2000 | 593.11 (142.03) | 880.58 (86.93) | 613.93 (249.41) | 648.93 (210.78) | 535.05 (74.57) | 464.44 (95.48) | 629.95 (41.84) | 550.9 (101.35) |
2010 | 520.22 (113.86) | 756.06 (79.62) | 566.38 (207.61) | 583.28 (176.42) | 564.91 (54.22) | 560.52 (87.87) | 667.54 (73.81) | 607.18 (89.79) | |
2020 | 577.17 (134.52) | 1021.19 (91.43) | 624.59 (244.60) | 678.84 (242.47) | 658.37 (93.53) | 579.22 (154.98) | 653.82 (100.55) | 628.05 (124.86) | |
Overall | 564.82 (133.94) | 881.31 (138.63) | 599.18 (232.67) | 635.30 (213.26) | 586.11 (90.88) | 534.58 (127.13) | 650.10 (75.88) | 595.14 (110.94) | |
Grassland | 2000 | 259.22 (75.81) | 374.80 (60.68) | 156.57 (49.01) | 262.18 (103.25) | 293.14 (52.16) | 225.70 (19.43) | 291.72 (43.17) | 277.45 (48.94) |
2010 | 203.01 (47.31) | 307.42 (57.08) | 159.19 (50.46) | 217.04 (75.52) | 333.07 (43.94) | 264.46 (42.5) | 374.64 (37.44) | 342.36 (60.32) | |
2020 | 250.72 (65.33) | 415.63 (97.71) | 209.99 (74.73) | 282.70 (112.27) | 385.98 (57.54) | 279.38 (48.71) | 375.64 (48.79) | 355.70 (64.54) | |
Overall | 237.76 (68.38) | 366.91 (86.42) | 175.65 (64.11) | 254.13 (101.97) | 337.40 (63.23) | 257.19 (44.66) | 347.87 (58.33) | 325.74 (67.41) | |
Water | 2000 | 184.66 (94.84) | 223.42 (69.91) | 180.31 (72.51) | 195.97 (81.32) | 193.38 (66.98) | 637.83 (137.43) | 326.71 (175.52) | 362.99 (211.85) |
2010 | 143.76 (62.65) | 255.61 (89.22) | 380.21 (231.94) | 275.01 (186.15) | 219.81 (62.81) | 193.35 (92.45) | 465.86 (168.59) | 388.68 (186.83) | |
2020 | 171.11 (53.70) | 306.19 (127.49) | 468.37 (284.21) | 347.36 (235.26) | 243.53 (74.53) | 571.74 (317.82) | 486.27 (132.65) | 462.34 (206.79) | |
Overall | 165.90 (75.08) | 263.55 (104.4) | 362.69 (252.64) | 276.13 (191.87) | 218.06 (68.73) | 537.63 (273.33) | 429.49 (172.61) | 406.17 (205.66) | |
