Table 1 Ranges and mean values of variables included in the models of seedling abundance in the study.

Factors	2020		2021		2022		2023
Factors	Range	Mean	Range	Mean	Range	Mean	Range	Mean
CN	0.000 to 1.206 × 10^–3	7.166 × 10^–5	0.000 to 1.206 × 10^–3	6.979 × 10^–5	0.000 to 1.206 × 10^–3	7.098 × 10^–5	0.000 to 1.206 × 10^–3	6.986 × 10^–5
HN	0.002 to 0.011	0.006	0.002 to 0.011	0.006	0.002 to 0.009	0.006	0.002 to 0.009	0.006
S_APd^′	− 13.442 to − 4.077	− 7.997	− 13.757 to − 4.061	− 7.855	− 13.259 to − 4.277	− 7.868	− 12.9.37 to − 4.028	− 7.387
A_APd^′	− 7.031 to − 3.198	− 4.599	− 6.321 to − 3.315	− 4.501	− 6.329 to − 3.379	− 4.682	− 7.108 to − 3.412	− 4.788
Light	2.510 to 10.590	7.533	2.510 to 10.590	7.547	2.510 to 10.590	7.606	2.510 to 10.590	7.578
PC1	− 3.424 to 6.657	− 0.330	− 3.424 to 6.657	− 0.310	− 3.424 to 6.657	− 0.414	− 3.424 to 6.657	− 0.421
PC2	− 6.825 to 3.138	0.187	− 6.825 to 3.138	0.218	− 6.825 to 3.138	0.227	− 6.825 to 3.138	0.193
PC3	− 4.724 to 7.305	0.005	− 4.724 to 7.305	− 0.001	− 4.724 to − 7.305	− 0.006	− 7.305 to 4.724	− 0.0477

CN, the densities of conspecific adult neighbor; HN, the densities of heterospecific adult neighbor; S_APd^′, relative average phylogenetic distance between heterospecific seedling neighbors and focal seedlings; A_APd^′, relative average phylogenetic distance between heterospecific adult neighbors and focal seedlings; Light, understory light availability; PC1–PC3, first three principal components.

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