Table 3 Error comparison results for all models with different step sizes.

From: Voltage abnormity prediction method of lithium-ion energy storage power station using informer based on Bayesian optimization

Step

Metric

BO-informer

Informer

Transformer

GRU

LSTM

1

RMSE(mV)

9.118

64.318

60.235

71.128

73.149

MSE(mV)

0.0831

4.1369

3.6283

5.0592

5.3508

MAE(mV)

6.708

57.077

58.075

60.138

60.439

2

RMSE(mV)

50.129

100.459

110.492

171.347

172.382

MSE(mV)

2.5218

10.092

12.2085

29.3598

29.7156

MAE(%)

41.843

81.873

87.287

130.054

129.374

3

RMSE(mV)

76.185

160.492

179.643

242.739

243.784

MSE(mV)

5.804

25.758

32.272

58.922

59.431

MAE(%)

62.048

126.071

139.16

187.08

184.085

  1. Significant values are in bold.