Table 3 List of risk factors of stroke and death and DALYs (percentage) in India, 2021.
From: Analyzing stroke burden and risk factors in India using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study
| Â | Risk factors | Death | DALY |
|---|---|---|---|
I | Environmental/occupational risks | 50 (40 to 59) | 49 (39 to 58) |
A | Air pollution | 41 (34 to 49) | 41 (34 to 48) |
A1 | Ambient particulate matter pollution | 19 (11 to 25) | 19 (11 to 25) |
A2 | Household air pollution from solid fuels | 22 (14 to 33) | 22 (14 to 33) |
B | Non-optimal temperature | 5 (2 to 9) | 5 (2 to 8) |
B1 | High temperature | 3 (1 to 5) | 3 (1 to 5) |
B2 | Low temperature | 2 (1 to 4) | 2 (1 to 4) |
C | Other environmental risks | 11 (1 to 24) | 10 (− 1 to 23) |
C1 | Lead exposure | 11 (1 to 24) | 10 (− 1 to 23) |
II | Behavioral risks | 32 (20 to 44) | 35 (22 to 48) |
D | Tobacco | 12 (10 to 15) | 14 (11 to 16) |
D1 | Smoking | 9 (7 to 11) | 10 (8 to 12) |
D2 | Secondhand smoke | 4 (3 to 5) | 4 (3 to 6) |
E | High alcohol use | 3 (1 to 6) | 3 (1 to 7) |
F | Dietary risks | 19 (5 to 33) | 22 (6 to 37) |
F1 | Diet low in fruits | 12 (1 to 20) | 14 (2 to 24) |
F2 | Diet low in vegetables | 2 (0 to 3) | 2 (1 to 3) |
F3 | Diet low in whole grains | 1 (1 to 4) | 1 |
F4 | Diet high in red meat |  − 0.1 (− 0.5 to 0.2) | 0 (− 1 to 0) |
F5 | Diet low in fiber | 2 (0 to 4) | 3 (− 1 to 5) |
F6 | Diet high in sodium | 6 (0.3 to 18) | 7 (0 to 18) |
G | Low physical activity | 2 (0 to 4) | 2 (1 to 3) |
III | Metabolic risks | 68 (57 to 77) | 66 (55 to 76) |
H | High fasting plasma glucose | 11 (9 to 14) | 10 (7 to 12) |
I | High LDL cholesterol | 10 (3 to 17) | 9 (3 to 16) |
J | High systolic blood pressure | 56 (42 to 68) | 55 (40 to 67) |
K | High body-mass index | 2 (0 to 4) | 2 (0 to 5) |
L | Kidney dysfunction | 11 (8 to 14) | 11 (8 to 13) |
