Fig. 1

(a) Un degraded filter paper before incubation of gut homogenates prepared from the different compartments of A. dimidiata larvae; and (b) filter paper degradation after six weeks of incubation. (c) The phylogenetic tree illustrates the evolutionary relationships among gut bacteria isolates from the scarab midgut, fermentation chamber, and hindgut. Next to the branches is the percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates). Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7.