Fig. 2

Temporal changes in the concentration of (a) dissolved NH4+−N at a depth of 10 cm and (b) dissolved NO3−−N. Control: no biochar; A: surface application; B: plow layer application; C: subsurface application. The vertical red dashed lines indicate fertilizer application. The average values of three replicates are shown. Error bar indicates the standard error (n = 3).