Fig. 2 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 2

From: Cesarean birth is associated with lower motor and language development scores during early childhood: a longitudinal analysis of two cohorts

Fig. 2

Longitudinal association of birth by C-section and the Language (A), Motor (B) and Cognitive (C) Development Scores of the of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition, by child’s age in the PROGRESS study (N = 726, % C-section = 52.2%). Models adjusted for prematurity, child’s sex, maternal age, IQ, schooling and marital status, and calendar time. The Y-axis represents the adjusted difference of BSID composite scores between birth modes; values below 0 indicate lower development scores in C-section-born children.

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