Table 12 Summary indicators of the frequency response time domain for Case Study 1 (scenarios I-IV).

From: Maiden application of mountaineering team-based optimization algorithm optimized 1PD-PI controller for load frequency control in islanded microgrid with renewable energy sources

Scenario

Time Domain Indicators

Control Scheme

1PD-PI/MTBO

1PD-PI/WOA

1PD-PI/PSO

I

Overshoot

0.0000253478

0.000568958

0.00482337

Settling Time

5.9483

5.9966

5.9625

Undershoot

0.000162889

0.00208732

0.12152500

Of1

0.00000066147

0.00022777000

0.00068580000

Of2

0.020848

0.503860

0.557790

ITSE

0.0000006893

0.00023589

0.00065308

ITAE

0.021285

0.53478

0.59393

II

Overshoot

0.0000426411

0.00132000

0.00511706

Undershoot

0.00020433

0.00207806

0.12001500

Of1

0.00060758

0.08702100

0.00479670

Of2

5.83340

104.0383

27.59630

ITSE

0.00069789

0.09620588

0.0078696

ITAE

5.986936

104.3986

27.89608

III

Overshoot

0.000118735

0.0015836200

0.004846720

Undershoot

0.000113244

001288130

0.012152500

Of1

0.00420970

0.39400000

0.07557100

Of2

52.72870

563.5953

79.52981

ITSE

0.00486931

0.45389000

0.07950760

ITAE

54.86932

563.6398

81.896251

IV

Overshoot

0.00060801

0.00565663

0.00484672

Undershoot

0.00057876

0.00561948

0.12152500

Of1

0.00731790

0.97541000

0.00075571

Of2

20.8596

349.276

39.52670

ITSE

0.00795605

0.99250000

0.00080089

ITAE

20.96360

349.9680

41.33844

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