Table 7 ANN results for the new test sample (Internal faults and external faults).
Fault locations | Fault resistance(Ω) | Type of faults | Threshold | DC line protection (Fault) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | 3rd | Internal | Healthy | ||||||
2 km of DC link | 10 | PTP | PTG | NPT | ✓ | X | X | 1 | 0 | 0 |
110 | PTP | PTG | NPT | ✓ | X | X | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
260 | PTP | PTG | NPT | X | ✓ | X | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
30 km of DC link | 35 | PTP | PTG | NPT | ✓ | X | X | 1 | 0 | 0 |
235 | PTP | PTG | NPT | X | ✓ | X | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
285 | PTP | PTG | NPT | X | ✓ | X | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
185 km of DC link | 260 | PTP | PTG | NPT | X | ✓ | X | 1 | 0 | 0 |
385 | PTP | PTG | NPT | X | X | ✓ | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
110 | PTP | PTG | NPT | ✓ | X | X | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
External fault | 0.01 | Fault behind inductor Fext | X | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
50 | ||||||||||
100 | ||||||||||
Normal operation | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0 | 1 | 0 |
