Table 2 Health impact assessment for PM2.5 (all-natural causes, lung cancer, ALRI, COPD).

From: Estimating the burden of diseases attributed to PM2.5 using the AirQ + software in Mashhad during 2016–2021

 

Study year

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Mortality, All (Natural) Causes (adults age 30 + Years)

     

Estimated Attributable Proportion

19.93%

(15.49–22.03%)

20.19%

(15.69–22.31%)

15.44%

(11.92–17.12%)

18.42%

(14.28–20.38%)

18%

(13.95–19.92%)

20.7%

(16.1-22.87%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

2093

(1627–2314)

2513

(1954–2778)

1810

(1398–2007)

2213

(1716–2449)

2208

(1711–2444)

2750

(2139–3038)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

134.93

(104.86-149.17)

145.92

(113.44-161.29)

102.50

(79.17-113.67)

120.65

(93.56-133.52)

118.09

(91.52-130.72)

143.19

(111.40-158.21)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.249

(1.183–1.283)

1.253

(1.186–1.287)

1.183

(1.135–1.207)

1.226

(1.167–1.256)

1.219

(1.162–1.249)

1.261 (1.192–1.296)

Mortality, LC (25 + years old)

Estimated Attributable Proportion

21.78%

(15.6-27.63%)

21.95%

(15.75–27.81%)

18.51%

(12.64–24.11%)

20.75%

(14.6-26.48%)

20.45%

(14.33–26.16%)

22.29%

(16.04–28.18%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

46 (33–59)

50 (36–63)

37

(25–48)

49 (34–62)

41 (29–53)

48 (34–61)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

2.34 (1.68–2.97)

2.40 (1.72–3.03)

1.75

(1.19–2.27)

2.25

(1.58–2.87)

1.91

(1.34–2.44)

2.18 (1.57–2.76)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.279

(1.185–1.382)

1.281

(1.187–1.385)

1.227

(1.145–1.317)

1.262

(1.171–1.360)

1.257

(1.167–1.354)

1.287

(1.191–1.392)

Mortality, ALRI for children (0–5 years)

Estimated Attributable Proportion

17.46%

(10.21–25.71%)

17.64%

(10.34–25.94%)

14.07%

(7.83–21.61%)

16.34%

(9.4-24.37%)

16.02%

(9.18-24%)

18.01%

(10.61–26.39%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

2 (1–3)

1 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

7 (4–10)

2 (1–4)

7 (4–11)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

0.49 (0.29–0.73)

0.34 (0.20–0.51)

0.30

(0.16–0.45)

1.71

(0.99–2.55)

0.65

(0.37–0.97)

2.17 (1.28–3.18)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.211

(1.114–1.346)

1.214

(1.115–1.350)

1.164

(1.085–1.276)

1.195

(1.104–1.322)

1.191

(1.101–1.316)

1.219

(1.119–1.359)

Mortality, COPD for adults (25 + years)

Estimated Attributable Proportion

22.49%

(16.42–28.27%)

22.71%

(16.61–28.51%)

18.38%

(12.93–23.72%)

21.14%

(15.29–26.82%)

20.76%

(14.96–26.41%)

23.15%

(16.97–28.98%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

49 (36–61)

65 (47–81)

75 (53–97)

120 (87–153)

49 (35–62)

68 (50–85)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

2.47 (1.81–3.11)

3.09 (2.26–3.87)

3.55

(2.50–4.59)

5.58

(4.03–7.08)

2.26

(1.63–2.88)

3.10 (2.27–3.88)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.290

(1.196–1.394)

1.294

(1.199–1.399)

1.225

(1.148–1.311)

1.268

(1.180–1.367)

1.262

(1.176–1.359)

1.301

(1.204–1.408)