Table 3 Health impact assessment for PM2.5 (IHD by age).

From: Estimating the burden of diseases attributed to PM2.5 using the AirQ + software in Mashhad during 2016–2021

Adults

Mortality; IHD for adults

Study year

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

25–29 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

41.1% (27.66–53.27%)

41.35%

(27.96–53.45%)

36.2%

(22.47–50.08%)

39.58%

(25.94–52.34%)

39.13%

(25.5-52.05%)

41.83%

)28.55–53.82%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

3 (2–4)

2 (2–3)

1 (0–1)

2 (1–2)

2 (1–2)

2 (1–3)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

0.68 (0.46–0.88)

0.67 (0.46–0.87)

0.21 (0.13–0.29)

0.49 (0.32–0.65)

0.53

(0.34–0.70)

0.76 (0.52–0.97)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.698 (1.382–2.14)

1.705

(1.388–2.148)

1.567

(1.289–2.003)

1.655

(1.350–2.098)

1.643

(1.342–2.086)

1.719

(1.399–2.165)

30–34 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

39.06%

(25.89–52.03%)

39.3%

(26.17–52.23%)

34.27%

(20.69–48.13%)

37.57%

(24.24–50.71%)

37.13%

(23.76–50.32%)

39.77%

(26.71–52.61%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

7(5–9)

4 (3–6)

4 (2–6)

3 (2–5)

6 (4–8)

9 (6–12)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

1.97

(1.31–2.63)

1.07 (0.71–1.42)

1.01 (0.61–1.43)

0.83 (0.54–1.12)

1.39

(0.89–1.88)

2.27 (1.52-3.00)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.641

(1.349–2.084)

1.648

(1.354–2.093)

1.521

(1.261–1.928)

1.602

(1.320–2.029)

1.591

(1.312–2.013)

1.660

(1.365–2.110)

35–39 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

37.02%

(25-48.48%)

37.26%

(25.26–48.68%)

32.37%

(19.92–44.41%)

35.58%

(23.35–47.27%)

35.15%

(22.89–46.91%)

37.72%

(25.74–49.07%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

7 (5–9)

8 (5–10)

6 (4–8)

9 (6–12)

8 (5–10)

15 (10–19)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

2.56

(1.73–3.35)

2.43

(1.65–3.18)

1.82 (1.12–2.50)

2.48 (1.63–3.30)

2.06

(1.34–2.75)

3.78 (2.58–4.92)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.588

(1.333–1.941)

1.594

(1.338–1.949)

1.479

(1.249–1.799)

1.552

(1.305–1.896)

1.542

(1.297–1.884)

1.606

(1.347–1.963)

40–44 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

35.03%

(22.63–46.45%)

35.25%

(22.87–46.63%)

30.59%

(17.98–42.5%)

32.64%

(21.1-45.15%)

33.24%

(20.66–44.83%)

35.69%

(23.35–46.95%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

11 (7–14)

12 (8–15)

11 (6–15)

11 (7–15)

10 (6–13)

23 (15–30)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

4.80 (3.10–6.37)

5.08 (3.29–6.71)

4.45 (2.61–6.18)

4.33 (2.71–5.80)

3.63

(2.26–4.90)

7.58 (4.96–9.97)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.539

(1.293–1.867)

1.544

(1.297–1.874)

1.441

(1.219–1.739)

1.507

(1.267–1.823)

1.498

(1.260–1.812)

1.555

(1.305–1.885)

45–49 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

32.91%

(22.39–43.02%)

33.13%

(22.62–43.19%)

28.64%

(18.23–39.62%)

31.58%

(21.06–42.08%)

31.19%

(20.7-41.77%)

33.55%

(23.07–43.52%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

12 (8–15)

14 (10–18)

15 (9–21)

15 (10–20)

15 (10–20)

29 (20–37)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

6.49 (4.41–8.48)

7.24 (4.94–9.44)

7.64 (4.87–10.57)

7.55 (5.03–10.06)

7.31

(4.85–9.79)

13.74

(9.45–17.82)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.491

(1.288–1.755)

1.495

(1.292–1.760)

1.401

(1.223–1.656)

1.462

(1.267–1.726)

1.453

(1.261–1.717)

1.505

(1.2998-1.770)

50–54 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

30.69%

(20.56–40.34%)

30.89%

(20.79–40.5%)

26.7%

(16.24–37.09%)

29.44%

(19.21–39.3%)

29.08%

(18.82–39.01%)

31.29%

(21.24–40.79%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

19 (13–25)

23 (16–30)

20 (12–27)

17 (11–23)

22 (14–29)

26 (18–34)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

12.47

(8.36–16.40)

15.01 (10.10-19.68)

12.76 (7.77–17.73)

10.57 (6.89–14.10)

12.89

(8.34–17.29)

14.84

(10.08–19.35)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.443

(1.259–1.676)

1.447

(1.263–1.681)

1.364

(1.194–1.589)

1.417

(1.238–1.647)

1.410

(1.232–1.6395)

1.4554

(1.2697–1.689)

55–59 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

28.67%

(18.62–37.65%)

28.87%

(18.85–37.81%)

24.82%

(14.65–34.16%)

27.47%

(17.35–36.6%)

27.11%

(16.98–36.29%)

29.25%

(19.3-38.12%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

21 (14–27)

25 (17–33)

27 (16–37)

17 (11–23)

29 (18–38)

37 (25–49)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

18.05

(11.72–23.70)

18.80

(12.28–24.62)

19.96

(11.78–27.47)

12.43 (7.85–16.56)

20.68

(12.95–27.68)

26.58

(17.54–34.65)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.402

(1.229–1.604)

1.406

(1.232–1.608)

1.330

(1.172–1.519)

1.379

(1.210–1.577)

1.372

(1.205–1.569)

1.413

(1.239–1.616)

60–64 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

25.99%

(16.52–34.31%)

26.17%

(16.7-34.46%)

22.35%

(13.09–31.11%)

24.84%

(15.34–33.36%)

24.51%

(15.01–33.06%)

26.54%

(17.06–34.77%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

21 (14–28)

26 (17–34)

30 (18–42)

16 (10–22)

34 (21–46)

49 (32–64)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

27.70

(17.61–36.57)

25.91

(16.53–34.11)

29.33

(17.17–40.83)

15.17 (9.36–20.37)

30.91

(18.93–41.70)

41.10

(26.42–53.85)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.351

(1.198–1.522)

1.355

(1.201–1.526)

1.288

(1.151–1.452)

1.331

(1.181–1.501)

1.325

(1.177–1.494)

1.361

(1.206–1.533)

65–69 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

23.92%

(16-31.98%)

24.1%

(16.19–32.15%)

20.53%

(12.7-28.69%)

22.86%

(14.92–31.01%)

22.55%

(14.61–30.73%)

24.44%

(16.56–32.48%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

16 (11–21)

21 (14–28)

30 (18–41)

21 (13–28)

37

(24–51)

50 (34–66)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

29.52

(19.74–39.46)

40.08

(26.93–53.47)

43.50

(26.91–60.80)

27.67

(18.06–37.54)

49.09

(31.82–66.91)

61.58

(41.71–81.83)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.315

(1.191–1.470)

1.318

(1.193–1.474)

1.258

(1.145–1.402)

1.296

(1.175–1.449)

1.291

(1.171–1.444)

1.323

(1.198–1.481)

70–74 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

21.51%

(13.51–29.69%)

21.67%

(13.67–29.78%)

18.44%

(10.57–26.8%)

20.55%

(12.57–28.92%)

20.26%

(12.31–28.64%)

21.98%

(13.98–29.96%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

22 (14–31)

24 (15–32)

25 (14–37)

14 (8–19)

29 (18–41)

37 (24–51)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

50.91

(31.96–70.25)

50.74

(31.99–69.72)

54.56

(31.27–79.30)

29.68 (18.16–41.77)

67.33

(40.89–95.16)

83.42

(53.06-113.71)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.274

(1.156–1.422)

1.277

(1.158–1.424)

1.226

(1.118–1.366)

1.259

(1.144–1.407)

1.254

(1.140–1.401)

1.282

(1.163–1.428)

75–79 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

19.1%

(12.4-25.26%)

19.25%

(12.56–25.4%)

16.3%

(9.67–22.62%)

18.22%

(11.53–24.42%)

17.96%

(11.27–24.19%)

19.53%

(12.87–25.67%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

19 (12–25)

26 (17–34)

34 (20–48)

17 (11–22)

35 (22–47)

50 (33–66)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

58.13

(37.73–76.86)

79.45

(51.84-104.83)

103.41

(61.35-143.52)

46.46

(29.40-62.28)

97.87

(61.43-131.81)

141.87

(93.53-186.48)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.236

(1.142–1.338)

1.238

(1.144–1.340)

1.195

(1.107–1.292)

1.223

(1.130–1.323)

1.219

(1.127–1.319)

1.243

(1.148–1.345)

80–84 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

16.6%

(10.8-22.27%)

16.73%

(10.94–22.37%)

14.1%

(8.48–20.05%)

15.81%

(10-21.67%)

15.58%

(9.78–21.49%)

16.98%

(11.21–22.57%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

24 (16–33)

30 (19–40)

36 (22–52)

18 (11–24)

37 (23–52)

44 (29–59)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

129.08

(83.99–173.20)

117.85

(77.07-157.62)

141.97

(85.35–201.90)

70.95

(44.88–97.25)

172.58

(108.35-238.03)

203.91

(134.65-271.09)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.199

(1.121–1.287)

1.201

(1.123–1.288)

1.164

(1.093–1.251)

1.188

(1.111–1.277)

1.185

(1.108–1.274)

1.205

(1.126–1.292)

+ 85 years

Estimated Attributable Proportion

14.03%

(8.99–19.4%)

16.47%

(12.37–21.03%)

11.91%

(6.95–17.28%)

13.36%

(8.32–18.8%)

13.16%

(8.13–18.59%)

14.35%

(9.33–19.72%)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases

35 (23–49)

46 (35–59)

55 (32–79)

30 (18–42)

60 (37–85)

74 (48–102)

Estimated number of Attributable Cases per 100,000 Population at Risk

250.03

(160.30-345.81)

241.91

(181.64-308.89)

255.01

(148.77-370.03)

122.81

(76.48-172.81)

303.26

(187.29-428.24)

396.36

(257.70-544.47)

RR (Lower-Upper)

1.163

(1.099–1.241)

1.197

(1.141–1.266)

1.135

(1.075–1.209)

1.154

(1.091–1.232)

1.152

(1.088–1.228)

1.168

(1.103–1.246)

Back to article page