Table 2 Characteristics of survivors and non-survivors among TBI patients.
Variables | Controls | Survivors | Non-survivors | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 20 | 58 | 24 | - | |
Female, % | 12 (60%) | 31 (53%) | 18 (75%) | 0.194 | |
Age, years | 64 (54–69) | 58 (49–70) | 56 (47–62) | 0.085 | |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 3 (15%) | 10 (17%) | 5 (21%) | 0.873 | |
Hypertension, % | 5 (25%) | 17 (29%) | 10 (42%) | 0.433 | |
CAD, % | 2 (10%) | 8 (14%) | 2 (8%) | 0.755 | |
WBC, 109/L | 6.6 (5.5–7.8) | 9.9 (7.3–15.8) | 14.3 (13.4–16.9) | < 0.001 | |
Lymphocytes, 109/L | 2.70 (2.40–3.08) | 0.99 (0.63–1.39) | 0.53 (0.34–0.97) | < 0.001 | |
Lac, mmol/L | 0.85 (0.60–1.08) | 1.45 (1.10–3.08) | 2.55 (2.23–4.25) | < 0.001 | |
CRP, mg/L | 5.2 (2.7–7.3) | 7.8 (1.9–52.2) | 37.1 (26.4–88.2) | < 0.001 | |
PCT, ng/ml | 0.05 (0.05–0.10) | 0.94 (0.59–3.55) | 3.86 (2.43–6.65) | < 0.001 | |
Marshall CT (%) | |||||
I | - | 0 | 0 | - | |
II | - | 21 (36%) | 6 (25%) | 0.326 | |
III | - | 24 (41%) | 9 (38%) | 0.789 | |
IV | - | 10 (17%) | 5 (20%) | 0.702 | |
V | - | 3 (5%) | 4 (17%) | 0.208 | |
RTS score | - | 8 (7–9) | 6 (5–8) | 0.002 | |
Surgical procedures (n, %) | - | 44 (76%) | 20 (83%) | 0.652 | |
Duration of MV | - | 14 (11–15) | 13 (12–15) | 0.667 | |
Duration of ICU stay | - | 17 (16–19) | 13 (12–15) | < 0.001 | |
APACHE II score | - | 21 (19–30) | 28 (26–32) | < 0.001 | |
sPD-1, ng/mL | 0.95 (0.72–1.10) | 2.06 (1.57–2.55) | 2.78 (2.20–3.52) | < 0.001 | |
sPD-L1, ng/mL | 0.58 (0.43–0.67) | 0.84 (0.54–1.24) | 1.22 (1.02–1.53) | < 0.001 | |
