Table 1 Baseline characteristics comparing patients who received SGLT2 inhibitors or placebo.

From: Effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor on atrial high-rate episodes in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device: a randomized controlled trial

Baseline characteristics

Total

N = 54

Dapagliflozin

N = 27

Placebo

N = 27

P value

Age (years)

69.9 ± 12.8

70.0 ± 13.1

69.7 ± 12.7

0.925

Female gender (%)

23 (42.6)

8 (29.6)

15 (55.6)

0.054

BMI (kg/m2)

23.1 ± 3.5

23.1 ± 3.7

23.2 ± 3.4

0.916

SBP (mmHg)

130 ± 21

129 ± 21

131 ± 22

0.750

History of AF (%)

36 (66.7)

18 (66.7)

18 (66.7)

1.000

Underlying diseases

DM (%)

HTN (%)

OSA (%)

COPD (%)

CAD (%)

HFrEF(%)

VHD (%)

9 (16.7)

26 (48.1)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.9)

4 (7.4)

5 (9.3)

12 (22.2)

4 (14.8)

11 (40.7)

0 (0)

1 (3.7)

2 (7.4)

1 (3.7)

5 (18.5)

5 (18.5)

15 (55.6)

1 (3.7)

0 (0)

2 (7.4)

4 (14.8)

7 (25.9)

1.000

0.276

1.000

1.000

1.000

0.351

0.513

Medications

ACEI/ARB (%)

Beta-blockers (%)

Metformin (%)

DPP4i (%)

TZD (%)

Insulin (%)

Antiarrhythmic drugs (%)

Digoxin (%)

30 (55.6)

35 (64.8)

5 (9.3)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.9)

2 (3.7)

2 (3.7)

3 (5.6)

13 (48.1)

17 (63.0)

2 (7.4)

1 (3.7)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (3.7)

1 (3.7)

17 (63.0)

18 (66.7)

3 (11.1)

0 (0)

1 (3.7)

2 (7.4)

1 (3.7)

2 (7.4)

0.273

0.776

1.000

1.000

1.000

0.491

1.000

1.000

Echocardiographic parameters

LVEF (percent)

LA AP diameter (mm)

59.9 ± 13.8

38.9 ± 9.3

62.2 ± 10.9

38.8 ± 9.2

57.4 ± 16.2

39.0 ± 9.7

0.210

0.931

AHRE longest episode (min)

(Median, IQR)

AHREs percentage (%) (Median, IQR)

AHREs episodes/month (Median, IQR)

539.0,

52.2–1552.5

2.0,

1.0–10.7

6.8,

1.0–25.9

620.5,

68.8–2565.0

2.0,

1.0–17.0

6.8,

1.1–32.2

466.0,

24.0–1117.5

2.8,

1.0–8.8

6.0,

0.9–25.9

0.365

0.896

0.734

Laboratory

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

HbA1C (%)

67.6 ± 22.7

5.8 ± 0.8

72.4 ± 20.7

5.8 ± 0.9

62.7 ± 23.9

5.8 ± 0.7

0.117

0.794

  1. Data are shown as mean ± SD unless specified. *p < 0.050.
  2. ACEI/ARB angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin-receptor blocker, AF atrial fibrillation, AHREs atrial high rate episodes, BMI body mass index, CAD coronary artery disease, CHF congestive heart failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DM diabetes mellitus, DPP4i dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1C hemoglobin A1C, HTN hypertension, LA AP left atrium anteroposterior, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA Fc New York Heart Association Functional Classification, OSA obstructive sleep apnea, SBP systolic blood pressure, TZD thiazolidinedione, VHD valvular heart disease.
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