Table 2 Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH) measured in shortcrust pastry cookies enriched with bee products.

From: Enrichment of shortcrust pastry cookies with bee products: polyphenol profile, in vitro bioactive potential, heat-induced compounds content, colour parameters and sensory changes

Samples

TPC

TFC

ABTS

DPPH

mg GAE/ g

mg QE/ g

µmol TE/ g

C

0.53 ± 0.02f

0.68 ± 0.01c

1.49 ± 0.10f

1.58 ± 0.07f

BB3%

0.90 ± 0.02e

0.72 ± 0.02c

2.32 ± 0.18e

2.54 ± 0.09de

BB5%

0.98 ± 0.05d

0.73 ± 0.04c

3.23 ± 0.08d

2.94 ± 0.05cd

BB10%

1.42 ± 0.02b

0.98 ± 0.01b

4.86 ± 0.41b

4.00 ± 0.23b

BP3%

0.84 ± 0.01e

0.75 ± 0.03c

2.78 ± 0.24de

2.47 ± 0.19e

BP5%

1.07 ± 0.04c

0.89 ± 0.05b

3.99 ± 0.02c

3.35 ± 0.07c

BP10%

1.71 ± 0.01a

1.12 ± 0.06a

7.78 ± 0.18a

5.62 ± 0.23a

  1. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences ( p ≤ 0.05) within the same column. C – control samples (cookies without the addition of bee products); BB – cookies enriched with bee bread; BP – cookies enriched with bee pollen. The percentages (3%, 5%, 10%) denote the proportion of bee bread or bee pollen incorporated into the cookies. GAE – gallic acid equivalent; QE – quercetin equivalent; TE – Trolox equivalent.