Table 4 Content of acrylamide, HMF and furfural measured in shortcrust pastry cookies enriched with bee products.

From: Enrichment of shortcrust pastry cookies with bee products: polyphenol profile, in vitro bioactive potential, heat-induced compounds content, colour parameters and sensory changes

Samples

Acrylamide

HMF

Furfural

µg/ kg

µg/ kg

mg/ kg

C

274.16 ± 1.19e

1.72 ± 0.12d

5.93 ± 0.08d

BB3%

328.61 ± 6.27cd

1.90 ± 0.14d

8.75 ± 1.03bc

BB5%

351.84 ± 1.47bc

2.08 ± 0.04d

10.26 ± 0.25b

BB10%

387.61 ± 3.41a

2.77 ± 0.12b

12.75 ± 0.00a

BP3%

317.09 ± 6.70d

2.17 ± 0.01cd

6.57 ± 0.28cd

BP5%

303.37 ± 6.76d

2.63 ± 0.11bc

10.31 ± 0.31b

BP10%

377.30 ± 7.49ab

4.28 ± 0.14a

13.20 ± 0.35a

  1. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) within the same column. C – control samples (cookies without the addition of bee products); BB – cookies enriched with bee bread; BP – cookies enriched with bee pollen. The percentages (3%, 5%, 10%) denote the proportion of bee bread or bee pollen incorporated into the cookies.