Fig. 4

Subgroup meta-analysis of low-level laser therapy versus placebo for managing postoperative pain analyzing initial root canal treatment and retreatment scenarios across intervals: (a) 4–6 h, (b) 8 h, (c) 12 h, (d) 24–30 h, (e) 48–72 h, and (f) 7 days. Note: The 4 to 5-day interval has been excluded from the diagram due to insignificance and space constraint.