Table 4 Clinical characteristics of study subjects, and hemodynamic parameters at 1st session.
From: Predialysis central arterial waveform and blood pressure changes during hemodialysis
Characteristic | SBP < median; low SEVR | SBP < median; high SEVR | SBP ≥ median; low SEVR | SBP ≥ median; high SEVR | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 39 | 37 | 38 | 38 | |
Age, years | 70 ± 10 | 70 ± 11 | 68 ± 10 | 64 ± 14 | 0.08 |
Male, % | 71.8 | 64.9 | 60.5 | 84.2 | 0.10 |
Duration of hemodialysis, years | 9.9 ± 10.3 | 10.7 ± 11.2 | 7.7 ± 7.7 | 6.9 ± 5.7 | 0.21 |
Previous cardiovascular disease, % | 7.7 | 10.8 | 18.9 | 23.7 | 0.19 |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 35.6 | 24.3 | 76.3† | 47.4 | < 0.001 |
Hemodialysis time, min/session | 240 ± 26 | 242 ± 29 | 236 ± 23 | 239 ± 25 | 0.85 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.9 ± 4.1 | 21.1 ± 4.8 | 23.4 ± 4.6 | 23.4 ± 5.1 | 0.07 |
Body weight after hemodialysis, kg | 56.4 ± 13.1 | 54.5 ± 14.8 | 60.7 ± 14.3 | 62.8 ± 16.5 | 0.06 |
Membrane area, m2 | 1.89 ± 0.54 | 1.77 ± 0.45 | 1.88 ± 0.52 | 2.02 ± 0.47 | 0.19 |
Blood flow rate, ml/min | 216 ± 39 | 210 ± 27 | 205 ± 29 | 224 ± 40 | 0.10 |
Single pool Kt/V | 1.43 ± 0.29 | 1.48 ± 0.34 | 1.35 ± 0.31 | 1.30 ± 0.34 | 0.07 |
Urea reduction ratio, % | 67.8 ± 7.3 | 69.3 ± 8.0 | 65.6 ± 8.7 | 63.9 ± 8.9 | < 0.05 |
Serum creatinine, µmol/L | 928 ± 256 | 836 ± 206 | 860 ± 230 | 984 ± 299 | < 0.05 |
Serum albumin, g/L | 36.5 ± 4.0 | 35.6 ± 3.8 | 36.5 ± 4.7 | 37.5 ± 3.4 | 0.26 |
Serum calcium, mmol/L | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 0.17 |
Serum phosphorus, mmol/L | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 0.30 |
Ankle-brachial index | 1.00 ± 0.20 | 1.02 ± 0.20 | 0.96 ± 0.19 | 1.00 ± 0.22 | 0.62 |
Cardio-ankle vascular index, n = 134 | 8.03 ± 1.69 | 8.50 ± 2.46 | 8.68 ± 1.58 | 8.69 ± 1.76 | 0.44 |
Echocardiography | |||||
LV mass index, g/m2 | 97.6 ± 26.1 | 100.3 ± 28.1 | 100.1 ± 24.0 | 114.8 ± 31.7 | < 0.05 |
LV hypertrophy, % | 29.0 | 24.3 | 31.6 | 47.4 | 0.17 |
Fractional shortening, % | 34.9 ± 5.5 | 33.6 ± 8.2 | 33.8 ± 8.1 | 34.3 ± 5.6 | 0.84 |
Number of antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 0.21 |
0 | 15 (38.5) | 12 (32.4) | 9 (23.7) | 6 (15.8) | 0.13 |
1 | 13 (33.3) | 13 (35.2) | 11 (28.9) | 16 (42.1) | 0.69 |
2 | 6 (15.4) | 9 (24.3) | 11 (28.9) | 7 (18.4) | 0.49 |
3 | 1 (2.5) | 2 (5.4) | 5 (13.2) | 7 (18.4) | 0.08 |
4 | 4 (10.3) | 1 (2.7) | 2 (5.3) | 2 (5.3) | 0.57 |
Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 15 (38.5) | 15 (40.5) | 22 (57.9) | 23 (60.5) | 0.11 |
Renin-angiotensin system blockers, n (%) | 17 (43.6) | 14 (37.8) | 17 (44.7) | 16 (42.1) | 0.94 |
Beta blockers, n (%) | 7 (17.9) | 7 (18.9) | 10 (26.3) | 11 (28.9) | 0.60 |
Ultrafiltration per body weight, ml/kg | 46.7 ± 13.3 | 42.0 ± 16.5 | 42.5 ± 16.0 | 47.9 ± 21.0 | 0.33 |
SBP, mmHg | |||||
Post HD | 137 ± 19 | 135 ± 19 | 155 ± 22† | 154 ± 20† | < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg | |||||
Pre HD | 70 ± 12 | 73 ± 11 | 87 ± 14† | 89 ± 13† | < 0.001 |
Maximum SBP change | 68 ± 12 | 71 ± 13 | 71 ± 9 | 83 ± 14† | < 0.001 |
Post HD | 72 ± 12 | 76 ± 13 | 80 ± 11 | 87 ± 14† | < 0.001 |
Heart rate, bpm | |||||
Pre HD | 75 ± 10 | 65 ± 10† | 78 ± 9 | 69 ± 13 | < 0.001 |
Maximum SBP change | 70 ± 12 | 62 ± 11 | 75 ± 12 | 69 ± 12 | < 0.001 |
Post HD | 71 ± 11 | 64 ± 12 | 76 ± 11 | 70 ± 14 | < 0.01 |
Central pulse pressure, mmHg | |||||
Pre HD | 52 ± 12 | 45 ± 10 | 70 ± 13† | 60 ± 13* | < 0.001 |
Maximum SBP change | 38 ± 14 | 34 ± 10 | 40 ± 14 | 38 ± 14 | 0.24 |
Post HD | 48 ± 14 | 44 ± 15 | 56 ± 16 | 49 ± 17 | < 0.05 |
AIx@75, % | |||||
Pre HD | 33.9 ± 18.5 | 36.2 ± 13.8 | 33.5 ± 11.0 | 34.9 ± 13.2 | 0.84 |
Maximum SBP change | 21.1 ± 18.5 | 22.6 ± 16.2 | 16.2 ± 27.1 | 16.5 ± 22.5 | 0.48 |
Post HD | 23.5 ± 16.1 | 26.6 ± 15.7 | 23.1 ± 17.3 | 22.2 ± 22.0 | 0.75 |
SEVR, % | |||||
Pre HD | 97.5 ± 10.4 | 142.7 ± 31.6† | 88.4 ± 9.2 | 124.6 ± 21.8† | < 0.001 |
Maximum SBP change | 145.3 ± 39.3 | 176.5 ± 38.1† | 144.4 ± 29.1 | 170.9 ± 40.3* | < 0.001 |
Post HD | 132.3 ± 36.5 | 154.3 ± 37.4* | 121.2 ± 20.5 | 151.0 ± 28.2 | < 0.001 |
