Table 2 Comparison of the clinical outcomes of infants with NEC/FI versus the control group (n = 310).

Respiratory distress syndrome

25 (54.35%)

78 (29.55%)

< 0.001*

Massive pulmonary hemorrhage

3 (6.52%)

7 (2.65%)

0.173

Pulmonary air leak

4 (8.70%)

13 (4.92%)

0.294

Sepsis

 Early sepsis

21 (45.65%)

80 (30.30%)

0.040*

 Late sepsis

5 (10.87%)

6 (2.27%)

0.013*

Intraventricular hemorrhage > grade II

3 (6.52%)

4 (1.52%)

0.078

Periventricular leukomalacia (%)

25 (54.35%)

64 (24.24%)

< 0.001*

Patent ductus arteriosus¹

7 (15.22%)

12 (4.55%)

0.013*

Chronic lung disease

13 (28.26%)

10 (3.79%)

< 0.001*

Mechanical ventilation, days (mean ± SD)

10.41 (20.70)

4.05 (18.77)

< 0.004

Days taken to reach full feeding

(mean ± SD) ²

19.59 (16.84)

7.77 (11.36)

< 0.001*

Breast milk (≥ 50%)

11 (23.91%)

26 (9.92%)

0.007*

Formula milk (≥ 50%)

20 (43.48%)

162 (61.83%)

0.020*

TPN, days (mean ± SD)

24.20 (29.11)

8.64 (23.04)

< 0.001*

Hospital duration, days (mean ± SD)

70.61 (59.25)

27.15 (35.07)

< 0.001*

GI perforation/surgery

0 (0.00%)

2 (1.08%)

1.000

ROP surgery

1 (2.17%)

8 (3.03%)

1.000

Appropriate weight gain at discharge

3234.17 (867.79)

2905.31 (624.81)

0.004*