Table 4 Meta-regression analysis of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography-derived left atrial strains and strain rates in the children category.

From: Normal ranges of left atrial phasic strains and strain rates by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography in pediatrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Variables

LASr

LAScd

LASct

pLASRr

pLASRcd

pLASRct

N

B, 95% CI

P-value

N

B, 95% CI

P-value

N

B, 95% CI

P-value

N

B, 95% CI

P-value

N

B, 95% CI

P-value

N

B, 95% CI

P-value

Publication year

14

− 0.73 (− 2.36, 0.89)

0.375

7

− 0.02 (− 1.36, 1.31)

0.973

9

− 0.57 (− 0.98, − 0.16)

0.006

4

0.12 (− 0.31, 0.55)

0.587

3

0.27 (− 0.85, 1.40)

0.638

3

0.05 (− 0.62, 0.73)

0.879

Number of cases

14

0.02 (− 0.01, 0.04)

0.233

7

0.04 (− 0.05, 0.14)

0.374

9

0.03 (− 0.01, 0.01)

0.463

4

− 0.02 (− 0.06, 0.01)

0.200

3

− 0.05 (− 0.14, 0.04)

0.262

3

− 0.03 (− 0.06, 0.00)

0.027

Age, year

14

− 1.33 (− 3.13, 0.47)

0.147

7

− 0.21 (− 2.43, 2.01)

0.853

9

− 0.36 (− 1.32, 0.60)

0.458

4

− 0.18 (− 0.65, 0.28)

0.447

3

− 0.30 (− 1.65, 1.06)

0.666

3

− 0.27 (− 0.88, 0.35)

0.396

Sex (male), %

13

0.16 (− 0.15, 0.47)

0.307

6

− 0.05 (− 0.53, 0.43)

0.828

8

0.05 (− 0.08, 0.19)

0.429

3

0.15 (0.00, 0.30)

0.053

3

     

Weight, kg

7

− 0.03 (− 1.27, 1.20)

0.961

6

0.01 (− 1.17, 1.19)

0.990

7

0.21 (− 0.25, 0.66)

0.373

         

SBP, mmHg

10

0.24 (− 1.18, 1.66)

0.742

5

0.28 (− 1.49, 2.10)

0.756

6

0.12 (− 0.50, 0.74)

0.713

         

DBP, mmHg

9

0.84 (− 1.11, 2.80)

0.398

4

− 0.56 (− 1.78, 0.66)

0.367

5

0.21 (− 0.51, 0.93)

0.568

         

LVEF, %

11

− 0.65 (− 1.40, 0.10)

0.088

6

− 0.38 (− 1.25, 0.50)

0.398

6

− 0.16 (− 0.54, 0.22)

0.407

3

− 0.01 (− 0.36, 0.34)

0.951

      

BMI, kg/m2

4

0.19 (− 23.67, 24.06)

0.987

5

− 0.59 (− 11.61, 10.42)

0.916

4

2.63 (− 1.47, 6.73)

0.209

         

Heart rate, bpm

10

0.07 (− 0.60, 0.75)

0.832

6

− 0.01 (− 0.38, 0.37)

0.973

7

0.01 (− 0.27, 0.29)

0.935

4

0.09 (− 0.03, 0.21)

0.143

3

0.18 (− 0.13, 0.49)

0.253

3

0.12 (0.02, 0.23)

0.023

LAV index, mL/m2

10

− 0.34 (− 1.45, 0.78)

0.546

5

− 0.71 (− 2.95, 1.52)

0.532

6

− 0.37 (− 1.07, 0.33)

0.303

3

− 0.25 (− 0.79, 0.29)

0.369

      

E/e′ ratio

11

− 0.67 (− 5.18, 3.85)

0.772

5

− 0.24 (− 5.91, 5.44)

0.935

5

0.57 (− 1.24, 2.38)

0.538

4

0.52 (− 0.55, 1.38)

0.401

3

0.68 (− 2.39, 3.76)

0.663

3

0.61 (− 0.79, 2.01)

0.393

Frame rate, s−1

10

− 0.18 (− 0.37, 0.01)

0.070

4

− 0.36 (− 0.74, 0.02)

0.061

4

− 0.03 (− 0.20, 0.15)

0.753

         

Software

14

− 0.51 (− 2.86, 1.85)

0.672

6

− 2.1 (− 3.54, − 0.61)

0.005

8

− 1.25 (− 2.60, 0.11)

0.071

3

− 0.25 (− 0.49, − 0.02)

0.033

      

Gating

15

0.45 (− 5.61, 6.51)

0.884

7

− 0.95 (− 7.12, 5.22)

0.763

9

− 1.22 (− 3.83, 1.40)

0.361

4

1.15 (− 0.10, 2.39)

0.071

3

2.62 (0.56, 4.67)

0.012

3

1.22 (− 0.64, 3.08)

0.200

Number of segments

12

− 0.08 (− 1.82, 1.67)

0.930

6

0.03 (− 1.47, 1.56)

0.964

8

0.27 (− 0.31, 0.85)

0.360

3

0.35 (0.30, 0.40)

< 0.001

3

0.72 (0.65, 0.79)

< 0.001

3

0.37 (0.13, 0.61)

0.002

  1. BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, DBP diastolic blood pressure, LAScd left atrial longitudinal strain during the conduit phase, LASct left atrial longitudinal strain during the contraction phase, LASr left atrial longitudinal strain during the reservoir phase, pLASRcd peak left atrial longitudinal strain rate during the conduit phase, pLASRct peak left atrial longitudinal strain rate during the contraction phase, pLASRr peak left atrial longitudinal strain rate during the reservoir phase, LAV left atrial volume, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, SBP systolic blood pressure.
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