Fig. 8

The \({\sigma _n} - {a_e}\) relationship of the welded joint. (a) Weld metal. (b) Fusion zone. (c) Heat-affected zone. (d) Base metal.

The \({\sigma _n} - {a_e}\) relationship of the welded joint. (a) Weld metal. (b) Fusion zone. (c) Heat-affected zone. (d) Base metal.