Fig. 1
From: Development of the calf grimace scale for pain and stress assessment in castrated Angus beef calves
Flowchart illustrating the corresponding front and side images used for each analysis. FAU: facial action unit, RO: reference observer, CAST: castrated calves, SHAM: sham castrated calves, M1: calves at the pasture before castration, M2: calves in the holding pen before castration, M3: calves in the tilt table before castration-standing position, M6: calves in the tilt table after castration, M7: calves in the holding pen after castration.
