Table 5 Differential performance and Friedman mean rank of the improved WOA algorithms.

From: Enhanced GRU-based regression analysis via a diverse strategies whale optimization algorithm

Algorithms

WOA

eWOA

MWOA

MSWOA

WOA_LFDE

DSWOA

Differential performance (Y/N)

29/0

29/0

29/0

29/0

21/8

0/0

Friedman mean rank

3.7586

3.3793

5.8966

4.4828

2.0000

1.4828