Table 3 The symbol dictionary of the improved version of the DLob (DLobV2).

1

FL

Logical thinking, planning, and decision-making are represented. It is associated with speech production (e.g., Broca’s area) and sequential thought processes

8

FR

Creative thinking, spatial orientation, and non-verbal communication are involved. It plays a role in attention, impulse control, and emotional regulation

2

TL

Language comprehension and production are represented (e.g., Wernicke’s area), including verbal memory and understanding of spoken and written language

9

TR

Sound processing, including language and music, is represented. It is involved in recognizing faces and objects

3

CL

Coordination, motor control, and planning of complex movements are represented

10

CR

Coordination, motor control, and planning of complex movements are represented, similar to CL but on the right hemisphere

4

PL

Language and mathematical processing are represented. It plays a role in understanding and producing speech, as well as reading and writing

11

PR

Spatial awareness and navigation are involved. It plays a role in recognizing patterns, shapes, and object positions

5

OL

Visual information processing from the right visual field is represented. It is involved in recognizing letters, words, and other visual stimuli related to language

12

OR

Visual information processing from the left visual field is represented. It is involved in recognizing faces, scenes, and spatial orientation of objects

6

FZ

The central frontal region is involved in higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and attention

13

CZ

The central midline area is important for sensorimotor integration and sensory information processing

7

PZ

The midline parietal area is involved in integrating sensory information and spatial processing

–

–

–