Table 1 Effect of organic amendments and/or biostimulants on the performance of wheat plants grown under salinity conditions.

From: Co-application of organic amendments and natural biostimulants on plants enhances wheat production and defense system under salt-alkali stress

Treatment

PH

LA

Pn

Tr

Gs

RWC

MSI

 

(cm)

(cm2)

(µmol CO2 m‒2 s‒1)

(mmol H2O m‒2 s‒1)

(%)

Organic amendment

Control 1

54.7d

8.60d

6.74d

3.26d

0.308c

46.7d

40.1d

V

68.7a

13.4a

11.1a

5.54a

0.482a

60.8a

55.5a

C

62.8c

10.8c

6.98c

3.37c

0.411b

55.3c

46.7c

CM

63.5b

11.2b

9.19b

4.55b

0.418b

56.8b

51.6b

LSD 5%

0.33

0.29

0.10

0.07

0.01

0.39

0.40

Foliar application

Control 2

57.7d

9.17e

7.96d

3.82e

0.349d

50.4d

44.4d

MLE

66.5a

12.3a

9.66a

4.79a

0.443a

57.4a

51.7a

LRE

64.7b

11.6b

8.62b

4.19b

0.425ab

57.1a

50.4b

GRE

61.8c

11.2c

8.36c

4.11c

0.420b

55.4b

48.7c

Kh

51.6e

10.7d

8.02d

3.98d

0.385c

54.2c

48.6c

LSD 5%

0.45

0.27

0.16

0.06

0.01

0.60

0.61

Interactive effect

Control 1

Control 2

41.1r

3.69n

5.33m

2.26r

0.213n

36.7n

29.4L

MLE

55.6n

8.85k

6.75j

3.14no

0.293kl

47.3k

40.0i

LRE

53.6o

8.66kl

6.15k

3.02op

0.273L

45.0L

37.7j

GRE

50.6p

8.13L

5.79L

2.90p

0.260lm

41.3m

33.8k

Kh

43.2q

4.7m

5.68L

2.62q

0.236mn

37.8n

30.5L

V

Control 2

70.6e

13.4e

10.8d

5.24d

4.90cd

61.7cd

56.7bc

MLE

81.7a

18.2a

12.6a

6.43a

0.613a

68.4a

58.3a

LRE

78.8b

17.2b

12.0b

6.02b

0.583a

66.5b

57.5ab

GRE

75.0c

14.9c

11.5c

5.90b

0.536b

62.6c

57.4ab

Kh

72.0d

14.2d

11.0d

5.47c

0.506bc

61.8cd

57.3ab

C

Control 2

57.1 lm

8.95jk

6.87j

3.19n

0.326jk

49.4j

42.1h

MLE

62.5j

10.4 h

8.06h

3.95j

0.396gh

58.4g

53.0e

LRE

60.8k

9.83i

7.82h

3.77k

0.376ghi

55.7h

50.0f

GRE

58.3L

9.06jk

6.99j

3.34m

0.360ij

52.4i

47.0g

Kh

58.3L

9.49ij

7.41i

3.62L

0.373hi

54.7h

49.3f

CM

Control 2

63.8i

10.9h

8.55g

4.10i

0.410fg

58.4g

53.0e

MLE

68.6f

13.4e

10.4e

5.06e

0.483cd

61.0de

56.4bcd

LRE

67.0g

12.6f

9.07f

4.75f

0.473cd

60.0ef

55.7cd

GRE

65.1h

12.1fg

8.83fg

4.52g

0.456de

59.8f

55.5d

Kh

64.5hi

11.6g

8.58g

4.24h

0.433ef

59.4fg

56.0e

LSD 5%

 

0.88

0.55

0.32

0.13

0.03

1.21

1.23

  1. Values are means of three for each treatment. Values with the same letter within a column are not significantly (P > 0.05) different according to Fisher’s Protected LSD Test. Control 1 without organic amendments, Control 2 without foliar application, V vermicompost, C compost, CM chicken manure, MLE moringa leaf extract, LRE licorice root extract, GRE ginger rhizome extract, Kh potassium humate, PH plant height, LA leaf area, Pn leaf net photosynthetic rate, Tr transpiration rate, Gs stomatal conductance, RWC relative water content, MSI membrane stability index
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