Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants according to quartile groups of CMI.
From: Association of cardiometabolic index with sleep quality in adults: a population‑based study
Characteristics | Cardiometabolic index | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Q1 (< 0.29) | Q2 (0.29–0.50) | Q3 (0.50–0.86) | Q4 (> 0.86) | ||
Participants | 4298 | 1072 | 1077 | 1074 | 1075 | |
Age (years) | 46 [20; 80] | 41 [20; 80] | 47 [20; 80] | 48 [20; 80] | 49 [20; 80] | < 0.001 |
Gender (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Male | 49.84 (47.61, 52.08) | 36.85 (32.13, 41.83) | 47.74 (44.47, 51.03) | 49.19 (44.48, 53.91) | 64.76 (60.84, 68.49) | |
Female | 50.16 (47.92, 52.39) | 63.15 (58.17, 67.88) | 52.25 (48.97, 55.53) | 50.81 (46.09, 55.52) | 35.24 (31.51, 39.17) | |
Education level(%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Less than high school | 17.47 (14.80, 20.50) | 11.78 (9.73, 14.19) | 16.58 (13.15, 20.70) | 19.58 (15.87, 23.92) | 21.63 (18.18, 25.55) | |
High school | 20.03 (17.47, 22.86) | 17.49 (13.46, 22.43) | 20.88 (17.43, 24.82) | 19.58 (17.05, 22.39) | 21.98 (17.47, 27.26) | |
More than high school | 62.50 (58.35, 66.48) | 70.73 (64.47, 76.30) | 62.54 (58.20, 66.68) | 60.84 (56.58, 64.92) | 56.39 (50.99, 61.64) | |
Race (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Mexican American | 9.13 (6.82, 12.13) | 6.59 (4.79, 9.00) | 7.40 (5.37, 10.10) | 10.89 (7.55, 15.45) | 11.58 (8.39, 15.77) | |
Other Hispanic | 6.49 (4.57, 9.14) | 5.36 (3.25, 8.72) | 7.00 (4.90, 9.91) | 6.71 (4.69, 9.51) | 6.82 (4.31, 10.64) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 65.79 (60.30, 70.90) | 62.25 (56.72, 67.48) | 67.56 (61.18, 73.34) | 64.05 (57.65, 69.99) | 69.01 (62.69, 74.69) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 10.36 (8.21, 12.99) | 15.55 (12.55, 19.12) | 10.90 (8.20, 14.36) | 9.58 (7.39, 12.33) | 5.70 (4.21, 7.68) | |
Other race | 8.22 (6.59, 10.22) | 10.25 (8.18, 12.78) | 7.14 (5.19, 9.75) | 8.77 (6.89, 11.11) | 6.89 (4.97, 9.48) | |
PIR (%) | 0.001 | |||||
< 1.3 | 25.59 (21.91, 29.66) | 24.45 (21.12, 28.12) | 23.51 (18.60, 29.25) | 25.41 (20.77, 30.67) | 28.97 (24.57, 33.81) | |
>=1.3, < 3.5 | 34.56 (31.57, 37.67) | 29.22 (24.91, 33.93) | 35.47 (31.16, 40.04) | 37.12 (32.37, 42.12) | 36.16 (32.03, 40.51) | |
>=3.5 | 39.85 (34.84, 45.09) | 46.33 (39.68, 53.12) | 41.02 (34.05, 48.37) | 37.48 (32.10, 43.18) | 34.87 (29.43, 40.73) | |
Marital status (%) | 0.021 | |||||
Married/living with partner | 63.24 (60.62, 65.79) | 61.26 (56.48, 65.84) | 62.61 (57.82, 67.16) | 62.82 (58.94, 66.54) | 66.15 (61.78, 70.27) | |
Never married/widowed | 24.05 (21.52, 26.77) | 28.10 (24.01, 32.60) | 25.07 (21.58, 28.92) | 23.24 (20.44, 26.29) | 19.99 (16.36, 24.19) | |
Divorced/separated | 12.71 (11.30, 14.27) | 10.64 (8.32, 13.50) | 12.32 (9.93, 15.19) | 13.94 (11.22, 17.19) | 13.86 (11.37, 16.79) | |
Smoking (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 43.15 (40.44, 45.89) | 35.49 (31.63, 39.54) | 40.54 (36.42, 44.78) | 45.11 (41.37, 48.90) | 51.06 (46.49, 55.61) | |
No | 56.85 (54.11, 59.56) | 64.51 (60.46, 68.37) | 59.46 (55.22, 63.58) | 54.89 (51.10, 58.63) | 48.94 (44.39, 53.51) | |
Drinking (%) | 0.544 | |||||
Yes | 79.24 (76.38, 81.83) | 80.66 (76.27, 84.41) | 79.57 (75.57, 83.06) | 77.40 (73.30, 81.04) | 79.38 (75.22, 83.00) | |
No | 20.76 (18.17, 23.62) | 19.34 (15.59, 23.73) | 20.43 (16.94, 24.43) | 22.60 (18.96, 26.70) | 20.62 (17.00, 24.78) | |
Moderate work activity (%) | 0.064 | |||||
Yes | 36.77 (34.34, 39.27) | 33.72 (29.72, 37.96) | 34.40 (30.19, 38.88) | 38.48 (33.72, 43.48) | 40.36 (36.45, 44.39) | |
No | 63.23 (60.73, 65.66) | 66.28 (62.04, 70.28) | 65.60 (61.12, 69.81) | 61.51 (56.52, 66.28) | 59.64 (55.61, 63.55) | |
SBP (mmHg) | 120.00 [64.67; 234.67] | 116.00 [73.33; 187.33] | 118.67 [64.67; 234.67] | 122.00 [86.00; 212.00] | 123.33 [83.33; 208.00] | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 70.00 [0; 130.00] | 68.67 [14.00; 103.33] | 69.33 [0; 114] | 70.67 [0; 115.33] | 72.00 [0; 130.0] | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.32 [0.26; 3.93] | 1.71 [0.93; 3.93] | 1.40 [0.57; 2.51] | 1.24 [0.36; 2.15] | 1.03 [0.26; 1.99] | < 0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.12 [0.16; 47.79] | 0.64 [0.16; 1.47] | 0.95 [0.43; 2.10] | 1.310 [0.61; 2.69] | 2.18 [0.80; 47.79] | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.87 [0.23; 9.70] | 2.56 [0.39; 6.41] | 2.87 [0.60; 8.90] | 3.03 [0.23; 8.56] | 2.92 [0.36; 9.70] | < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.5 [3.5; 16.5] | 5.30 [3.80; 11.90] | 5.50 [3.50; 13.70] | 5.60 [3.70; 16.50] | 5.70 [3.80; 15.90] | < 0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.5 [2.17; 23.37] | 5.22 [3.16; 17.32] | 5.38 [2.17–23.37] | 5.61 [3.16; 21.32] | 5.88 [2.61; 22.48] | < 0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 31.82 (29.29, 34.46) | 18.84 (15.22, 23.09) | 28.59 (24.15, 33.49) | 33.86 (29.78, 38.19) | 45.24 (40.34, 50.24) | |
No | 68.18 (65.54, 70.71) | 81.16 (76.91, 84.78) | 71.41 (66.51, 75.85) | 66.14 (61.81, 70.22) | 54.76 (49.76, 59.66) | |
Diabetes (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 8.36 (7.22, 9.68) | 2.41 (1.40, 4.10) | 4.89 (3.41, 6.98) | 8.95 (7.26, 10.98) | 16.88 (13.04, 21.58) | |
No | 91.64 (90.32, 92.79) | 97.59 (95.89, 98.60) | 95.11 (93.02, 96.59) | 91.05 (89.02, 92.74) | 83.12 (78.42, 86.97) | |
CVD history (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 8.09 (6.80, 9.61) | 4.29 (2.91, 6.28) | 6.94 (5.18, 9.24) | 8.58 (6.90, 10.62) | 12.35 (9.61, 15.73) | |
No | 91.91 (90.39, 93.20) | 95.71 (93.72, 97.09) | 93.06 (90.76, 94.82) | 91.42 (89.38, 93.10) | 87.65 (84.27, 90.39) | |
Trouble sleeping (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 25.95 (23.70, 28.34) | 21.19 (17.87, 24.93) | 22.62 (19.16, 26.50) | 27.58 (24.03, 31.43) | 32.21 (28.21, 36.50) | |
No | 74.05 (71.66, 76.30) | 78.81 (75.07, 82.13) | 77.38 (73.50, 80.85) | 72.42 (68.57, 75.97) | 67.79 (63.50, 71.79) | |
Sleep disorder (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 9.32 (8.12, 10.67) | 4.99 (3.33, 7.44) | 7.69 (6.15, 9.57) | 9.82 (7.53, 12.73) | 14.51(11.65, 17.93) | |
No | 90.68 (89.34, 91.88) | 95.01 (92.56, 96.68) | 92.31 (90.43, 93.85) | 90.18 (87.28, 92.47) | 85.49 (82.07, 88.35) | |
Sleep duration (hour) | 7 [2; 12] | 7 [3; 12] | 7 [2; 12] | 7 [2; 12] | 7 [2; 12] | 0.295 |
