Table 1 Statistical analysis of number of viruses per sample.

From: Regional patterns and climatic predictors of viruses in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies over time

Formula = Total viruses ~ Region × Date + Year + Temperature

Comparison to model with Varroa abundance as a covariate: p = 0.36, χ2 = 0.83, ΔAIC = 1.17

Full model R2 = 0.43

Analysis of deviance table (Type II Wald χ2)

Χ2

df

p

Codea

Region

197.4

7

 < 0.001

***

Dateb

1.6

1

0.203

 

Year

6.6

1

0.010

*

Temperatureb

8.0

1

0.005

**

Region × Date

23.6

7

0.001

**

Parameter

Coef

t

p

Code

(Intercept) [Date = 0, Region = BC, Year = 2020, Temperature = 0]

5.2

35.5

 < 0.001

***

Region [MB]

 − 2.3

 − 8.0

 < 0.001

***

Region [AB (N)]

 − 0.3

 − 0.8

0.420

 

Region [ON]

 − 1.3

 − 4.2

 < 0.001

***

Region [QC (QC)]

 − 1.6

 − 3.2

0.002

**

Region [QC (LSJ)]

 − 0.4

 − 1.0

0.322

 

Region [QC(Mon]

1.3

1.5

0.139

 

Region [AB (S)]

 − 0.6

 − 2.3

0.023

*

Date

 − 0.3

 − 1.5

0.129

 

Year [2021]

 − 0.4

 − 2.6

0.010

*

Temperature

0.5

2.8

0.005

**

Region [MB] × Date

0.4

1.5

0.132

 

Region [AB (N)] × Date

 − 0.4

 − 1.4

0.161

 

Region [ON] × Date

0.4

2.1

0.041

*

Region [QC (QC)] × Date

 − 0.9

 − 1.4

0.162

 

Region [QC (LSJ)] × Date

0.9

1.3

0.214

 

Random effect

Variance

sd

Levels

Obs

Random intercept [Pool]

0.015

0.12

120

360

  1. aSignificance codes* p < 0.001 = ***, p < 0.01 = **, p < 0.05 = *.
  2. bVariables scaled prior to fitting.
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